Supraclavicular Lymph Node Metastases in Advanced Lung Cancer: Prevalence and Analysis of Demographic, Clinical and Molecular Characteristics

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of supraclavicular lymph nodes metastases (SNM) in advanced lung cancer has not been systematically evaluated, nor has then been a comparison of demographic, clinical, or molecular characteristics between patients with and without SNM.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, the presence of SNM was evaluated using imaging studies (CT, PET, neck ultrasonography) in patients with suspected advanced lung cancer referred for biopsy aimed at diagnosis and molecular profiling. Ultrasound-guided biopsy confirmed or excluded metastatic involvement when suspicious supraclavicular nodes were identified. We assessed the prevalence of SNM and compared the demographic, clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of patients with and without SNM.

Results: Among the 348 patients with advanced lung cancer, 94 (27%) had SMN. SMN was more common in small cell lung cancer (24/48, 50%) and adenocarcinoma (61/248, 24.6%) than in squamous cell carcinoma (4/35, 11.4%). Compared to patients without SMN, those with SMN were more likely to have small-cell lung cancer, N2/3 disease (97.9 vs. 83.9%, P < .0001), liver metastases (29.8% vs. 16.1% P = .006), and metastases to less common sites (33.7% vs. 14.1%, P < .0001). The prevalence of genomic alterations and PD-L1 expression did not differ between biopsy samples obtained from SNM and those from the primary tumor or other metastatic sites.

Conclusion: SNM is common in patients with advanced small-cell lung cancer and adenocarcinoma. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of SNM is a simple and relatively inexpensive method for obtaining adequate tissue samples for diagnosis and comprehensive molecular profiling.

Keywords: Adenocarcinoma; Next generation sequencing; Programmed cell death ligand-1; Small-cell lung cancer; Ultrasound guided-biopsy.