Association of Hearing Loss and Eating Habits in the Older Population

Abstract

Background: Age-related hearing loss, also known as hearing loss, is an important and increasingly prevalent public health problem worldwide, as it induces disability and social isolation.

Objective: To verify the association between eating habits and hearing loss in the older population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with data analysis of older patients treated in an Outpatient Hearing Health Service accredited to the Unified Health System. Older people aged 60 years and over who attended the Health Service to begin adaptation in the study. The audiological evaluation was performed through Tonal and Vocal Audiometry exams, the auditory rehabilitation process was done using the Individual Sound Amplification Device, and eating habits based on the Dietary Guide for the Brazilian Population.

Results: The sample included (n = 654) participants, aged between 60 and 97 years. The type of hearing loss revealed a higher prevalence of sensorineural of moderate degree. Individuals with higher consumption of tea, non-fatty meats, rice, fish, and fruits presented better hearing compared to participants with lower consumption of these types of foods.

Conclusion: A higher consumption of foods high in anti-inflammatories and antioxidants may decrease the risk of age-related hearing loss. A higher consumption of foods high in anti-inflammatories and antioxidants may decrease 50% of the risk of age-related hearing loss. The findings also indicate the hypothesis that a pro-inflammatory diet could increase the risk of hearing loss. Antioxidants are believed to counteract the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species and may be effective in treating diseases related to oxidative stress, including hearing loss.

Keywords: food consumption; healthy aging; healthy diet; hearing loss; old.