Review

. 2025 Jul 24;80(8):glaf020.

doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaf020.

Discussing the Interplay of Social Determinants of Health, Aging, and Alzheimer's Biomarkers in U.S. Latinos

Jairo E Martinez^{1

2}, Jaime Perales-Puchalt³, Miriam J Rodriguez⁴, Monica Rosselli⁵, Christian Salazar⁶, David X Marquez^{7

8}, Melissa Lamar⁸, Clara Vila-Castelar², Katya Rascovsky⁹, Sid O'Bryant^{10

11}, Raul Vintimilla^{10

11}, Mirella Díaz-Santos¹², Idaly Velez Uribe¹³, Yakeel T Quiroz², Jorge J Llibre-Guerra¹⁴; US Consortium of Aging, Dementia & Latino Studies (CADLAS)

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

US Consortium of Aging, Dementia & Latino Studies (CADLAS):
Jairo E Martinez, Jaime Perales-Puchalt, Miriam J Rodriguez, Monica Rosselli, Christian Salazar, David X Marquez, Melissa Lamar, Clara Vila-Castelar, Katya Rascovsky, Sid O'Bryant, Raul Vintimilla, Mirella Díaz-Santos, Idaly Velez Uribe, Yakeel T Quiroz, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
² Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³ Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
⁴ Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
⁵ Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University (FAU), Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
⁶ Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California, USA.
⁷ Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA.
⁸ Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
⁹ Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Family Medicine & Manipulative Medicine, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
¹¹ Institute for Translational Research, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
¹² Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
¹³ Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

PMID: 40052962
PMCID: PMC12367224 (available on 2026-03-07)
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaf020

Review

Discussing the Interplay of Social Determinants of Health, Aging, and Alzheimer's Biomarkers in U.S. Latinos

Jairo E Martinez et al. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2025.

. 2025 Jul 24;80(8):glaf020.

doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaf020.

Authors

Collaborators

US Consortium of Aging, Dementia & Latino Studies (CADLAS):
Jairo E Martinez, Jaime Perales-Puchalt, Miriam J Rodriguez, Monica Rosselli, Christian Salazar, David X Marquez, Melissa Lamar, Clara Vila-Castelar, Katya Rascovsky, Sid O'Bryant, Raul Vintimilla, Mirella Díaz-Santos, Idaly Velez Uribe, Yakeel T Quiroz, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
² Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³ Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
⁴ Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
⁵ Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University (FAU), Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
⁶ Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California, USA.
⁷ Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA.
⁸ Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
⁹ Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Family Medicine & Manipulative Medicine, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
¹¹ Institute for Translational Research, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
¹² Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
¹³ Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

PMID: 40052962
PMCID: PMC12367224 (available on 2026-03-07)
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaf020

Abstract

This perspective examines the impact of Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) on the biological age-related decline and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) biomarker trajectories in U.S. Latino populations, emphasizing the need for comprehensive multilevel research frameworks tailored to the community. We discuss the prevailing SDoH among U.S. Latino communities, including economic, educational, and healthcare access inequities that heighten health risks. Subsequently, we examine the pronounced differences in ADRD prevalence and biomarker trajectories among Latinos, suggesting that the interplay between SDoH and biological markers contributes to ADRD risk and progression. Our perspective reflects on the existing research landscape, noting a substantial gap in studies extending beyond identifying and understanding disparities in ADRD, to research incorporating biomarkers and developing actionable interventions to address broader SDoH. This shift is essential for creating a more holistic approach to ADRD research and devising truly effective strategies to mitigate ADRD disparities and improve brain health for older U.S. Latinos.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s biomarkers; Health disparities; Latino health; Multilevel interventions; Social determinants of health.

© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Conflict of interest statement

Quiroz is a consultant for Biogen. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

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Discussing the Interplay of Social Determinants of Health, Aging, and Alzheimer's Biomarkers in U.S. Latinos

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Discussing the Interplay of Social Determinants of Health, Aging, and Alzheimer's Biomarkers in U.S. Latinos

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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