Identifying Strategies for Home Management of Ostomy Care: Content Analysis of YouTube

Abstract

Background: The social media platform YouTube is a recognized educational resource for health information, but few studies have explored its value for conveying the lived experience of individuals managing chronic health conditions and end users' interactions with medical device technology. Our study explores self-care strategies and end user needs of people living with a stoma because patient education and engagement in ostomy self-care are essential for avoiding ostomy-related complications. Ostomy surgery creates a stoma (an opening) in the abdomen to alter the route of excreta from digestive and urinary organs into a detachable external pouching system. After hospital discharge, people who have undergone ostomies perform critical self-care tasks including frequent ostomy appliance changes and stomal and peristomal skin maintenance.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically assess YouTube videos narrated by people who have undergone ostomies about their ostomy self-care in home (nonhospital) settings with a focus on identifying end user needs and different strategies used by people who have undergone ostomies during critical self-care tasks.

Methods: Using predefined search terms and clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, we identified YouTube videos depicting narrators who have undergone ostomies and their ostomy self-care in home settings. Using a consensus coding approach among 3 independent reviewers, all videos were analyzed to collect metadata, data of narrators who have undergone ostomies, and specific content data.

Results: There were 65 user-generated YouTube videos that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These videos were posted by 28 unique content creators representing a broad range of ages who used a variety of supplies. The common challenges discussed were peristomal skin complications, inadequate appliance adhesion and subsequent leakage, and supplies-related challenges. Narrators who have undergone ostomies discussed various expert tricks and tips to successfully combat these challenges.

Conclusions: This study used a novel approach to gain insights about end user interactions with medical devices while performing ostomy self-care, which are difficult to gain using traditional behavioral techniques. The analysis revealed that people who have undergone ostomies are willing to share their personal experience with ostomy self-care on the web and that these videos are viewed by the public. User-generated videos demonstrated a variety of supplies used, end user needs, and different strategies for performing ostomy self-care. Future research should examine how these findings connect to YouTube ostomy self-care content generated by health care professionals and organizations and to guidelines for ostomy self-care.

Keywords: YouTube; colostomy; digital; digital health; digital intervention; digital technology; ileostomy; living with chronic medical conditions; medical device; medical device usability; online support groups; ostomates; ostomy; ostomy self-care; patient education; social media; social network; socials; support group; usability; usefulness; user needs assessment; users experience; utility; wearable device.

Figure 1

An ostomy appliance consists of an external pouching system that is attached to the abdomen of people who have undergone an ostomy using adhesive. There are various design features, including a (A) 2-piece pouch with clip closure, (B) 2-piece pouch with Velcro closure, (C) precut (top) and moldable (bottom) baseplate that is subsequently attached to the 2-piece pouch [in (A) or (B)] at the ring, and (D) 1-piece appliance with clip closure (pouch and baseplate being 1 part).

Figure 2

Video search inclusion and exclusion process. *Some videos were excluded for multiple criteria.