Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Mar 7;23(1):76.
doi: 10.1186/s12957-025-03720-6.

Global, regional, and national mortality of larynx cancer from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study

Deqian Han  1 , Hoi Leong Lee  2 , Qi Wei Oung  3 , Chia Hau Lee  3
Affiliations

Global, regional, and national mortality of larynx cancer from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study

Deqian Han et al. World J Surg Oncol. .

Abstract

Background: Larynx cancer, a major upper respiratory tract malignancy, remains a global public health challenge, driven by smoking, alcohol use, and chronic inflammation, despite medical and public health advancements.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study were used to assess larynx cancer mortality trends from 1990 to 2021 across global, regional, and national levels. Death rates, absolute mortality numbers, and Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) were calculated.

Results: Globally, the number of deaths from larynx cancer increased by 36.67% between 1990 and 2021, while death rates slightly declined, with an EAPC of -0.41. Males consistently accounted for the majority of deaths, with 100,393 deaths in 2021, though female mortality showed a larger percentage increase of 60.13% compared to 33.39% in males. Significant regional disparities were evident, with the highest death rates reported in Eastern Europe and Central Latin America, where countries like Bulgaria and Cuba recorded rates exceeding 6 per 100,000 population. In contrast, Oceania reported the lowest rates, below 0.5 per 100,000. The elderly (75 + years) experienced the largest increase in mortality, rising by 85.4%, while deaths among the 15-49 age group remained relatively stable. Additionally, larynx cancer death rates were correlated with SDI.

Conclusion: Despite slight declines in global death rates, the absolute burden of larynx cancer has increased due to population growth and aging. Regional disparities emphasize the need for targeted interventions and improved healthcare access. This study offers valuable insights for policy and resource planning.

Keywords: Global disparities; Larynx cancer; Mortality trends; Public health.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Since the study used aggregated and publicly available data, the institutional review board determined that ethics approval and informed consent were not required. The research did not include any human subjects or personal identifying information. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Global burden of larynx cancer deaths from 1990 to 2021 by sex and age groups. (A) Number of cases by sex (both male and female) from 1990 to 2021. (B) Percentage change in the number of cases by sex from 1990 to 2021. (C) Death rates by sex (both male and female) from 1990 to 2021. (D) Number of cases by age group (10–14, 15–19, 20–24 years) from 1990 to 2021. (E) Percentage change in the number of cases by age group from 1990 to 2021. (F) Death rates by age group (10–14, 15–19, 20–24 years) from 1990 to 2021
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Regional trends in larynx cancer deaths. (A) New cases of larynx cancer in different SDI regions from 1990 to 2021. (B) Death rates of larynx cancer in different SDI regions from 1990 to 2021. (C) Death rates of larynx cancer by sex in 2021, globally, in SDI regions, and in geographical regions
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Global distribution of larynx cancer deaths in 204 countries. (A) Larynx cancer death rates by country in 2021. (B) Percentage change in larynx cancer deaths across countries from 1990 to 2021. (C) EAPC of larynx cancer deaths from 1990 to 2021
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Correlation between larynx cancer deaths, EAPC, and SDI. (A) Correlation between larynx cancer death rates and EAPC in 1990. (B) Correlation between the SDI and larynx cancer death rates in 2021. (C) Relationship between between larynx cancer death rates and SDI at the regional level. (D) Relationship between between larynx cancer death rates and SDI at the country level
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Divakar P, Davies L. Trends in incidence and mortality of Larynx Cancer in the US. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023;149:34–41. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gumbarewicz E, Tylżanowski P, Łuszczki J, Kałafut J, Czerwonka A, Szumiło J, et al. Differential molecular response of larynx cancer cell lines to combined VPA/CDDP treatment. Am J Cancer Res. 2021;11:2821–37. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Liberale C, Soloperto D, Marchioni A, Monzani D, Sacchetto L. Updates on Larynx Cancer: risk factors and oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:12913. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kim TE, Chang J-E. Recent studies in photodynamic therapy for Cancer Treatment: from Basic Research to clinical trials. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15:2257. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arboleda LPA, de Carvalho GB, Santos-Silva AR, Fernandes GA, Vartanian JG, Conway DI, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, Oropharynx, and larynx: a scoping review of Treatment guidelines Worldwide. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15:4405. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources