Ocular Manifestations in Selected Dermatological Disorders: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Skin disorders are often associated with ocular symptoms. In this review, we aim to identify the most common ocular manifestations observed in selected dermatological diseases, specifically psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and pemphigus. We highlight key ophthalmological conditions linked to these diseases to raise awareness among ophthalmologists who may encounter patients with these dermatological conditions in their clinical practice. Analyzing the original studies, the most common ocular manifestations include various types of inflammation, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis. Additionally, more severe conditions, such as keratitis, uveitis, and meibomian gland dysfunction, are frequently observed. Ocular symptoms in pemphigus vulgaris and rosacea can precede dermatological signs. Dry eye disease is commonly seen across various dermatological conditions. Treatments like calcineurin inhibitors (used for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis) have shown efficacy for both dermatological and ocular symptoms. In atopic dermatitis, the use of dupilumab has been linked to increased rates of conjunctivitis, necessitating collaboration between dermatologists and ophthalmologists to distinguish drug side effects from disease manifestations. Psoriasis treatments, including phototherapy and biologics like secukinumab and ustekinumab, require careful monitoring for potential ocular effects, as their safety profiles are still being evaluated. For ocular rosacea, cyclosporine has demonstrated superior efficacy over doxycycline in managing symptoms such as burning and corneal involvement. This review underscores the importance of recognizing the interplay between dermatological and ocular health. Early diagnosis, interdisciplinary collaboration, and tailored treatments are essential for managing these complex conditions effectively.

Keywords: Conjunctivitis; dermatology; dry eye disease; keratitis; ocular manifestation.