HIV-2 EU-Supporting Standardized HIV-2 Drug Resistance Interpretation: An Update

Charlotte Charpentier^{1

2}, Dirk Berzow^{3

4}, Quentin Le Hingrat^{1

2}, Rolf Kaiser^{5

6}, Perpetua Gomes^{7

8}, Ana Claudia Miranda⁹, Florence Damond^{1

2}, Jade Ghosn^{1

10}, Jeroen J A van Kampen¹¹, Björn-Erik Ole Jensen^{6

12}, Michael Böhm^{5

6}, Annemarie M J Wensing¹³, Diane Descamps^{1

2}, Martin Obermeier^{4

14}

Affiliations

¹ Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1137, IAME, Paris, France.
² Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
³ Praxis for Infectiology, Hamburg, Germany.
⁴ Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft niedergelassener Ärzte in der Versorgung HIV-Infizierter (dagnä), Berlin, Germany.
⁵ Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
⁶ Deutsche AIDS-Gesellschaft e.V. (DAIG), Essen, Germany.
⁷ Molecular Biology Laboratory, SPC, Unidade Local de Saúde Lisboa Ocidental, Egas Moniz Hospital, Lisboa, Portugal.
⁸ Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal.
⁹ Infecciology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Unidade Local de Saúde Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹⁰ Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
¹¹ Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
¹² Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
¹³ Department of Global Health and Bio-ethics, Julius Center for Primary Care and Health Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
¹⁴ MVZ Medizinisches Infektiologiezentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

PMID: 40071658
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaf110

HIV-2 EU-Supporting Standardized HIV-2 Drug Resistance Interpretation: An Update

Charlotte Charpentier et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2025.

. 2025 Oct 6;81(3):539-542.

doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf110.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1137, IAME, Paris, France.
² Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
³ Praxis for Infectiology, Hamburg, Germany.
⁴ Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft niedergelassener Ärzte in der Versorgung HIV-Infizierter (dagnä), Berlin, Germany.
⁵ Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
⁶ Deutsche AIDS-Gesellschaft e.V. (DAIG), Essen, Germany.
⁷ Molecular Biology Laboratory, SPC, Unidade Local de Saúde Lisboa Ocidental, Egas Moniz Hospital, Lisboa, Portugal.
⁸ Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal.
⁹ Infecciology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Unidade Local de Saúde Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹⁰ Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
¹¹ Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
¹² Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
¹³ Department of Global Health and Bio-ethics, Julius Center for Primary Care and Health Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
¹⁴ MVZ Medizinisches Infektiologiezentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

PMID: 40071658
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaf110

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is an attenuated retroviral infection characterized by specific natural susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs and acquired resistance profiles. Based on the latest knowledge of phenotypic data and clinical follow-up, HIV-2 resistance interpretation rules have been updated and implemented in a freely available resistance analysis tool.

Keywords: HIV-2; Internet tool; drug-resistance rules; update.

© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest. B.- E. O. J. reports consulting fees from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; honoraria from Gilead Sciences and ViiV Healthcare; travel expenses for attending meetings from Gilead Sciences; and is the scientific secretary for the German AIDS Society. A. W. reports consulting fees from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and Merck; an investigator-initiated grant from Gilead Sciences; and serving as a governing board member of EACS (European AIDS Clinical Society). J. J. A. v. K. reports a consulting fee from Gilead Sciences and an investigator-initiated grant supported by Gilead Sciences. D. B. reports honoraria from ViiV Healthcare for teaching activities. C. C. reports honoraria from Gilead Sciences, MSD, and ViiV Healthcare and travel expenses for attending meetings from Gilead Sciences and ViiV Healthcare. J. G. reports honoraria from Gilead Sciences and ViiV Healthcare and travel expenses for attending meetings from Gilead Sciences. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

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HIV-2 EU-Supporting Standardized HIV-2 Drug Resistance Interpretation: An Update

Affiliations

HIV-2 EU-Supporting Standardized HIV-2 Drug Resistance Interpretation: An Update

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical