Best Practices for Imaging of Transcatheter Valve Failure: An Update From the Heart Valve Collaboratory

Omar K Khalique¹, Syed Zaid², Gilbert H L Tang³, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab⁴, Miriama Akodad⁵, Vinayak N Bapat⁶, Jeroen J Bax⁷, Daniel J Blackman⁸, Philipp Blanke⁹, Sabine Bleiziffer¹⁰, Davide Capodanno¹¹, Joao L Cavalcante⁶, Lakshmi P Dasi¹², Ole De Backer¹³, Matthiew De Beuel¹⁴, Alison Duncan¹⁵, Marc R Dweck¹⁶, Miho Fukui⁶, Aakriti Gupta¹⁷, Kentaro Hayashida¹⁸, Howard C Herrmann¹⁹, Tsuyoshi Kaneko²⁰, Nicole Karam²¹, Jaffar M Khan²², Jan Kovac²³, Uri Landes²⁴, Jonathon A Leipsic²⁵, Martin B Leon²⁶, Michael J Mack²⁷, Mahesh V Madhavan²⁶, Moody M Makar¹⁷, Raj R Makkar¹⁷, Mouaz Al Mallah²⁸, David Meier²⁹, Thomas Modine³⁰, Atsushi Okada⁶, Roosha K Parikh²², Radoslaw Parma³¹, Dhairya Patel¹⁷, Philippe Pibarot³², Bernard Prendergast³³, Nishath Quader²⁰, Michael J Reardon²⁸, Toby Rogers³⁴, Lucy M Safi³, Stephanie L Sellers⁹, Sabah Skaf¹⁷, Giuseppe Tarantini³⁵, Didier Tchetche³⁶, Nicolas van Mieghem³⁷, Dee Dee Wang³⁸, John G Webb⁹, Stephan Windecker³⁹, Steven J Yakubov⁴⁰, Victoria Delgado⁴¹, Rebecca T Hahn²⁶, Hasan Jilaihawi⁴²

Affiliations

¹ St Francis Hospital & Heart Center, Roslyn, New York, USA. Electronic address: omark31@gmail.com.
² Baylor College of Medicine, Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
³ Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
⁴ Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
⁵ Ramsay Générale de Santé Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Massy, France.
⁶ Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
⁷ Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
⁸ Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.
⁹ St Paul Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
¹⁰ North Rhine-Westphalia University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
¹¹ Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco," University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
¹² Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
¹³ The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹⁴ FEops NV, Ghent, Belgium.
¹⁵ Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
¹⁶ Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
¹⁷ Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
¹⁸ Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁹ University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
²⁰ Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
²¹ European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
²² St Francis Hospital & Heart Center, Roslyn, New York, USA.
²³ University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
²⁴ Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel and the Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
²⁵ University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
²⁶ Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
²⁷ Baylor Scott & White The Heart Hospital, Plano, Texas, USA.
²⁸ Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
²⁹ Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
³⁰ Hôpital Cardiologique de Haut-Leveque, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
³¹ Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
³² Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
³³ St Thomas' Hospital and Cleveland Clinic London, London, United Kingdom.
³⁴ MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
³⁵ University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
³⁶ Cinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France.
³⁷ Erasmus University Medical Centre, Thoraxcenter, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
³⁸ Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
³⁹ Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
⁴⁰ Riverside Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
⁴¹ Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
⁴² Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: hasanian.al@cshs.org.

PMID: 40074470
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.12.017

Review

Best Practices for Imaging of Transcatheter Valve Failure: An Update From the Heart Valve Collaboratory

Omar K Khalique et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025.

. 2025 Mar 18;85(10):1042-1055.

doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.12.017.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ St Francis Hospital & Heart Center, Roslyn, New York, USA. Electronic address: omark31@gmail.com.
² Baylor College of Medicine, Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
³ Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
⁴ Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
⁵ Ramsay Générale de Santé Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Massy, France.
⁶ Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
⁷ Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
⁸ Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.
⁹ St Paul Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
¹⁰ North Rhine-Westphalia University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
¹¹ Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco," University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
¹² Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
¹³ The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹⁴ FEops NV, Ghent, Belgium.
¹⁵ Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
¹⁶ Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
¹⁷ Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
¹⁸ Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁹ University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
²⁰ Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
²¹ European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
²² St Francis Hospital & Heart Center, Roslyn, New York, USA.
²³ University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
²⁴ Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel and the Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
²⁵ University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
²⁶ Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
²⁷ Baylor Scott & White The Heart Hospital, Plano, Texas, USA.
²⁸ Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
²⁹ Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
³⁰ Hôpital Cardiologique de Haut-Leveque, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
³¹ Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
³² Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
³³ St Thomas' Hospital and Cleveland Clinic London, London, United Kingdom.
³⁴ MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
³⁵ University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
³⁶ Cinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France.
³⁷ Erasmus University Medical Centre, Thoraxcenter, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
³⁸ Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
³⁹ Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
⁴⁰ Riverside Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
⁴¹ Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
⁴² Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: hasanian.al@cshs.org.

PMID: 40074470
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.12.017

Abstract

This updated Heart Valve Collaboratory framework addresses the growing concern for transcatheter valve failure (TVF) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). With the increasing volume of redo-TAV and surgical TAV explantation, there is a critical need for standardized pathways and protocols for evaluating TVF using echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography. This document clarifies prior definitions of bioprosthetic valve deterioration and bioprosthetic valve failure in a practical, imaging directed context for TAVR. It discusses various imaging modalities for diagnosing TVF, including echocardiography, cardiac CT angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography/CT. Recommendations are provided on the systematic imaging for: 1) follow-up post-TAVR; 2) procedural planning for redo-TAV; and 3) post-redo-TAV, emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring and the need for comprehensive imaging data to optimize patient outcomes in the lifetime management of aortic valve disease.

Keywords: cardiac computed tomography angiography; structural valve deterioration; transcatheter aortic valve replacement; transesophageal echocardiography; transthoracic echocardiography.

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Conflict of interest statement

Funding Support and Author Disclosures Dr Leipsic is supported by a Canadian Research Chair in Advanced Cardiopulmonary Imaging. Dr Khalique is a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences, Abbott Structural, Triflo, Cardiac Implants, Restore Medical, and Croivalve; holds equity in Triflo and Cardiac Implants; and is a member of a core lab (he receives no direct industry compensation) with contracts with Ancora, JenaValve, Atricure, and Abbott Structural. Dr Tang has received speaker honoraria from Medtronic, Abbott Structural Heart, and Siemens Healthineers; has served as a physician proctor for Medtronic and Abbott Structural Heart; has served as a consultant for Medtronic, NeoChord, Shockwave Medical, Peijia Medical, and Shenqi Medical Technology; has served as an advisory board member for Abbott Structural Heart, Boston Scientific, and JenaValve; and has served as a committee member for the APOLLO trial and IMPACT MR for Medtronic. Dr Abdel-Wahab has received institutional speaker honoraria and/or consultancy fees from Boston Scientific, Medtronic, and Abbott. Dr Akodad has received research funding from Medtronic, Biotronik, MUSE Explore, and the Federation Française de Cardiologie; and has served as a consultant for Medtronic and Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Bapat has served as a consultant for Medtronic, Edwards Lifesciences, 4C Medical, and Boston Scientific. Dr Bax has received grants from GE Healthcare; and has received personal fees from GE Healthcare, Edwards Lifesciences, and Medtronic outside the submitted work. Dr Blackman has received institutional research grants from Medtronic; and has received speaker fees from Medtronic, Abbott Vascular, and Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Blanke has received institutional grant support from Edwards Lifesciences and Siemens Healthineers; and has served as a consultant for Circle Cardiovascular Imaging Inc and Neovasc. Dr Bleiziffer has received speaker fees from Boston Scientific, Abbott, Edwards Lifesciences, and Medtronic. Dr Capodanno has received honoraria from Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Terumo; and has received institutional fees from Medtronic. Dr Cavalcante is a consultant for 4C Medical, Abbott Structural, Alleviant, Anteris, Boston Scientific, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging, Edwards Lifesciences, JenaValve, JC Medical, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Pie Medical, Siemens Healthineers, VDyne, and Zoll; and has received research grants from Abbott Structural, Allina Health Foundation, JenaValve, and the NIH/NHLBI. Dr Dasi is the founder of Dasi Simulations. Dr De Backer has received institutional research grants and consulting fees from Abbott and Boston Scientific. Dr De Beuel is an employee of FEops. Dr Duncan has received consultancy fees from Abbott, Medtronic, Edwards Lifesciences, and NeoChord. Dr Dweck has received speaker fees from Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Fukui has received consulting fees from Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Hayashida has received consulting fees from Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and Abbott; and has received research grants from Edwards Lifesciences and Medtronic. Dr Herrmann has received institutional research grants from Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Edwards Lifesciences, Highlife, Innovalve, Medtronic, and Vivasure; has received consultant fees from Abbott Vascular, Edwards Lifesciences, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, and Prolifagen; and holds equity in Microinterventional Devices. Dr Kaneko is a speaker for Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Abbott, and Baylis Medical; and has served as a consultant for 4C Medical. Dr Karam has received consultant fees from Abbott, Boston, Edwards Lifesciences, and Medtronic; and has received proctor fees from Abbott. Dr Khan has been a consultant/proctor for Edwards, Medtronic, and Transmural Systems; has been on advisory boards for Abbott; has equity in Transmural Systems; has received educational grants from Abbott, Boston Scientific, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and Phillips; and is co-inventor on patents, assigned to the NIH, on devices for leaflet laceration. Dr Kovac has received research, proctoring, and consulting fees from Boston Scientific, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and Pi-Cardia. Dr Landes has received consulting fees from Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Leipsic is a consultant for HeartFlow Inc, and Circle Cardiovascular Imaging; and provides CT core lab services for Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Neovasc, Boston Scientific, and Abott Vascular for which no direct compensation is received. Dr Leon has received institutional grants for clinical research from Abbott, Boston Scientific, Edwards, JenaValve, and Medtronic; and has received stock options (equity) for advisory board participation in Valve Medical, Pi-Cardia, and Venus MedTech. Dr Mack served as coprimary investigator for the PARTNER trial for Edwards Lifesciences and the COAPT trial for Abbott; and has served as study chair for the APOLLO trial for Medtronic. Dr Makkar has received grant support from Edwards; and is a consultant for Abbott, Cordis, and Medtronic. Dr Mallah has received research support from Siemens; and has served as a consultant to Jubilant Pharma. Dr Meier has received an institutional grant from Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Modine has served as a consultant for Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Edwards Lifesciences, Microport, GE, and Abbott; and has received a research support grant from Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Parikh receives speaker honoraria from HeartFlow Inc. Dr Parma has served as a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Pibarot has received funding from Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Pi-Cardia, and Cardiac Phoenix for which he received no personal compensation; and has received lecture fees from Edwards Lifesciences and Medtronic. Dr Prendergast has received speaker fees from Edwards Lifesciences; and has served on a trial steering committee for Medtronic and a data safety monitoring committee for Valvosoft. Dr Reardon has received institutional consulting fees from Medtronic, W.L. Gore & Associates, Boston Scientific, and Abbott Vascular. Dr Rogers has served as a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Transmural Systems; has served on advisory boards for Medtronic and Boston Scientific; holds an equity interest in Transmural Systems; and is a co-inventor on patents, assigned to NIH, for transcatheter electrosurgery devices. Dr Safi has received speaker honoraria from Medtronic and Abbott Structural. Dr Sellers has served as a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences, Anteris, Excision Medical, and Medtronic; and has received research support from Medtronic, Vivitro Labs, and Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Tarantini has received lecture fees from Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Abbott, Boston Scientifics, and Abiomed. Dr Tchetche has served as a consultant for Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and Venus MedTech. Dr van Mieghem has received grant support/research contracts from Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Edwards Lifesciences, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, and PulseCath BV; and has received consulting/speaker fees from Abbot Vascular, Boston Scientific Corporation, Medtronic, Daiichi-Sankyo, PulseCath BV, JenaValve, and Amgen. Dr Wang has served as a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences, Abbott, Boston Scientific, and Materialise; and has received research institutional grant support from Boston Scientific. Dr Webb has served as a consultant for Edwards Lifesciences; and has received research funding from Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and Boston Scientific. Dr Windecker has received research, travel, or educational grants to the institution without personal remuneration from Abbott, Abiomed, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Braun, Biotronik, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cardinal Health, CardioValve, Cordis Medical, Corflow Therapeutics, CSL Behring, Daiichi-Sankyo, Edwards Lifesciences, Farapulse Inc, Fumedica, Guerbet, Idorsia, Inari Medical, InfraRedx, Janssen-Cilag, Johnson & Johnson, Medalliance, Medicure, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Miracor Medical, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Organon, OrPha Suisse, Pharming Tech, Pfizer, Polares, Regeneron, Sanofi, Servier, Sinomed, Terumo, Vifor, and V-Wave; has served as an advisory board member and/or member of the steering/executive group of trials funded by Abbott, Abiomed, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boston Scientific, Biotronik, Bristol Myers Squibb, Edwards Lifesciences, MedAlliance, Medtronic, Novartis, Polares, Recardio, Sinomed, Terumo, and V-Wave, with payments to the institution but no personal payments; and is also a member of the steering/executive committee group of several investigator-initiated trials that receive funding by industry without impact on his personal remuneration. Dr Yakubov has received institutional grants from Boston Scientific and Medtronic; and has received personal fees from Medtronic during the conduct of the study. Dr Delgado has received speaker fees from Abbott Vascular, Edwards Lifesciences, GE Healthcare, JenaValve, Medtronic, Novartis, Philips, and P&F Products & Features; and has received consulting fees from Edwards Lifesciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novo Nordisk. Dr Hahn has received speaker fees from Abbott Structural, Baylis Medical, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Philips Healthcare, and Siemens Healthineers; and has institutional consulting contracts for which she receives no direct compensation with Abbott Structural, Boston Scientific, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and Novartis. Dr Jilaihawi has received institutional grants for clinical research in Pi-Cardia; holds equity and serves on the scientific advisory board for DASI simulations; and has served as a consultant to Edwards Lifesciences and Medtronic. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

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Best Practices for Imaging of Transcatheter Valve Failure: An Update From the Heart Valve Collaboratory

Affiliations

Best Practices for Imaging of Transcatheter Valve Failure: An Update From the Heart Valve Collaboratory

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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