Clinical decision-making in tooth bleaching based on current evidence: A narrative review

Abstract

Objective: This review consolidates current knowledge on dentist-supervised tooth bleaching for vital teeth, drawing from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that followed CONSORT guidelines.

Data resources: MeSH and free terms like "tooth bleaching," "tooth whitening," "randomized clinical trial," and "systematic review" were used in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases STUDY SELECTION: Out of 839 articles, 444 were selected for full-text review, excluding case reports, non-randomized trials, literature reviews and those not directly related to tooth bleaching or RCTs not following CONSORT 2010. The remaining 203 studies were used to compare the dentist-supervised at-home and in-office clinical protocols, assessing factors such as color change, tooth sensitivity, and gingival irritation. In vitro studies were cited to support and explain basic concepts of different clinical decisions CONCLUSIONS: Daily at-home bleaching with 10 % carbamide peroxide or lower-concentration hydrogen peroxide over three to four weeks is effective. In-office bleaching with high-concentration hydrogen peroxide exhibits variations in protocols based on the HP concentration and gel's pH. Emerging technologies like violet LEDs and photobiomodulation with infrared lasers show promise in enhancing efficacy and reducing sensitivity, respectively, though more research is needed. The review underscores the importance of ongoing research into desensitization strategies to manage sensitivity related to bleaching.

Clinical significance: Tooth bleaching is central to dental aesthetics, offering a range of options that can challenge clinicians. Adverse effects, particularly sensitivity, highlight the need for practice supported in protocols clinically tested and effective desensitization approaches.

Keywords: Carbamide peroxide; Hydrogen peroxide; Tooth bleaching; Tooth sensitivity.