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. 2025 Mar 13;15(1):8702.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-92018-4.

Phenolic compounds and safety of improved and local peanut varieties grown in Burkina Faso

Sandrine Zongo  1 , Souleymane Zongo  2 , Clarisse S Compaore  2 , Fréderic Anderson Konkobo  1 , Poussian Raymond Barry  1 , Edwige Noëlle Roamba  1 , David Bazie  1 , Roger Dakuyo  1   3 , Mamounata Diao  1 , Kiessoun Konate  4   5 , Mamoudou H Dicko  1
Affiliations

Phenolic compounds and safety of improved and local peanut varieties grown in Burkina Faso

Sandrine Zongo et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Peanuts are a tropical crop widely cultivated throughout the world. The seed is the most important part of the peanut. Burkina Faso is the 16th largest producer of peanuts in the world. Despite its economic and nutritional potential, peanut growers are subject to aflatoxin contamination. This present study aimed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and safety of various improved and local peanut varieties. The aflatoxin contents of the different varieties were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). A UV-visible spectrophotometer quantified the phenolic contents. For all samples, results showed that water content varied from 3.85 ± 0.08 to 4.21 ± 0.06%, and pH from 6.11 ± 0.02 to 6.48 ± 0.02. Toxicological results showed total aflatoxin levels ranging from 0.04 to 1.86 µg/kg. Polyphenols had the highest values in peanut extracts, ranging from 5.64 ± 1.35 to 14.94 ± 2.79 mg GAE/g. Flavonoids ranged from 1.23 ± 0.11 to 2.24 ± 0.15 mg QE/g and flavonols from 0.14 ± 0.09 to 0.85 ± 0.36 mg QE/g. Condensed tannin contents range from 0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.26 ± 0.02 mg TAE/100 g and hydrolysable tannins from 0.03 ± 0 a to 0.16 ± 0.09 a mg TAE/g. TC tannins ranged from 0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.26 ± 0.02 mg TAE/100 g and THs from 0.03 ± 0 a to 0.16 ± 0.09 a mg TAE/g. Peanut seeds have interesting levels of phytonutrients. They could therefore be considered foods with therapeutic potential. Low levels of aflatoxins testify to the safety of the seeds.

Keywords: Arachis hypogea; Aflatoxin; Peanut; Phenolic compounds; Sanitary quality; Seed.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Map showing sample collection areas. Used software for map: Esri ArcGIS 10.7.1, 2019, Url: https://desktop.arcgis.com/fr/arcmap/latest/get-started/installation-guide/installing-on-your-computer.htm.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Moisture content and pH of peanut cultivar seeds. % H: moisture content.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Chromatogram of a reference at 5 µg/kg of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2. AFG1: aflatoxin G1; AFG2: aflatoxin G2; AFB2: aflatoxinB2; AFB1: aflatoxin B1; AFT: total aflatoxin.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
chromatogram of sample P5-4 1st and 2nd injection. AFG1: aflatoxin G1; AFG2: aflatoxin G2; AFB2: aflatoxinB2 ; AFB1: aflatoxin B1; AFT: total aflatoxin.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Total phenolics, flavonoids, and flavonols contents. Poly: polyphenols (mg GAE/g), Flav: flavonoids (mg QE/g), Flavon: flavonols (mg QE/g).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Content of condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Principal component analysis of correlations between parameters and varieties.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Dendrogram showing the genetic similarities of varieties according to the parameters studied.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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