Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Mar 13;26(1):135.
doi: 10.1186/s12882-025-04062-x.

Incidence, risk factors and outcomes of AKI among trauma patients in a tertiary hospital in south-east, Nigeria

Chinedu O Udeze  1 , Monday U Nwobodo  2 , Olaronke F Afolabi  2 , Chinaka Ifeanyi  2 , Onyinye J Nwikwu  2 , Anthony C Agbo  2 , Christiana Ologwu  2 , Ngozi A Ifebunandu  2 , Ifeoma I Ulasi  2   3
Affiliations

Incidence, risk factors and outcomes of AKI among trauma patients in a tertiary hospital in south-east, Nigeria

Chinedu O Udeze et al. BMC Nephrol. .

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury is a preventable and treatable complication of trauma-related injuries associated with increased mortality. Data on the burden and predisposing factors to the development of AKI following trauma are lacking in our environment. This study aims to evaluate the incidence, predisposing risk factors, and short-term outcomes of AKI in trauma patients seen at the Accident and Emergency Unit of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria.

Methods: The study was a hospital-based cohort study of trauma patients. Consenting patients presenting after a trauma-related event were enrolled. Socio-demographic data, the time of the incident, the time of presentation to the hospital, the nature and extent of injuries, and the treatment received were recorded. Blood was taken at specified intervals for haemoglobin, white blood cell count, serum urea, and creatinine estimation. AKI was defined based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine independent risk factors for AKI in trauma patients.

Results: 186 trauma patients participated; 83.3% were males. The patients' mean age was 35.3 (± 11.1) years, and most were traders (31.7%). The commonest mechanism of trauma was road traffic accidents (62.9%). The incidence of AKI in this study was 27 (14.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the development of AKI was independently associated with injuries complicated by fractures and longer hospital stay. The 30-day outcome was: 26 (96.3%) recovered fully, and 1 (3.7%) had AKI requiring renal replacement therapy, with no in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion: AKI is a frequent complication of trauma, and trauma patients presenting with fractures and have prolonged hospital stay require closer monitoring and care.

Keywords: AKI; Incidence; Nigeria; Outcomes; Risk factors; Trauma.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki; and the Research and Ethics Committee of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria granted approval for the study (Ref: REC Approval Number: 12/10/2021–01/12/2021). All study participants gave a signed and written informed consent before enrolment into the study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of enrolled trauma patients who presented to AEFUTH, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Overall secondary outcome of trauma patients who developed AKI that presented to AEFUTH, Abakaliki, Nigeria
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Sushrut SW, Joseph VB. Acute Kidney Injury. In Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Longo DL, editors. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 19th ed. McGraw-Hill Education. 2015:1799–1811.
    1. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012;2:1–138.
    1. Chawla LS, Bellomo R, Bihorac A, Goldstein SL, Siew ED, Bagshaw SM, et al. Acute kidney disease and renal recovery: consensus report of the acute disease quality initiative (ADQI) 16 workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(4):241–57. - PubMed
    1. Cerdá J, Bagga A, Kher V, Chakravarthi RM. The contrasting characteristics of acute kidney injury in developed and developing countries. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2008;4(3):138–53. - PubMed
    1. Perkins ZB, Captur G, Bird R, Gleeson L, Singer B, O’Brien B. Trauma-induced acute kidney injury. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(1):e0211001. - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources