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Review
. 2025 Feb 23;16(2):623.
doi: 10.4102/jphia.v16i2.623. eCollection 2025.

Post-exposure testing at healthcare facilities with SARS-CoV-2 transmission: A rapid review

Emmanuel E Effa  1 , Okokon Ita  2 , Joshua Mwankon  3 , Funmi Siyanbade  4 , Francis Iwomi  5 , Eleanor Ochodo  6 , Gemma Villanueva  7 , Martin M Meremikwu  8
Affiliations
Review

Post-exposure testing at healthcare facilities with SARS-CoV-2 transmission: A rapid review

Emmanuel E Effa et al. J Public Health Afr. .

Abstract

Background: Post-exposure severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing following health facility outbreaks may control the spread of infection.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection on health outcomes during healthcare facility outbreaks.

Setting: This review included studies conducted at skilled nursing facilities, a cancer centre, and a geriatric psychiatric facility.

Methods: We followed the methods for conducting rapid systematic reviews, searched databases from December 2019 to August 2022, assessed the risk of bias using the modified Newcastle Ottawa scale, and graded the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. We pooled the prevalence, mortality, and hospitalisation results as appropriate.

Results: Of the 3055 articles from database search, no study was eligible for inclusion as outlined in the protocol. However, eight non-comparative reports (case series) in skilled nursing facilities were included. The pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents of care homes and patients were 38% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 25% - 51%; 5 studies, 2044 participants; I 2 = 94%, very low certainty evidence) and was 12% (95% CI = 6% - 19%; 5 studies, 2312 participants; I 2 = 94%, very low certainty evidence) for exposed healthcare workers. The pooled mortality estimate and hospitalisation rate were 17% and 24%, respectively, (very low certainty evidence).

Conclusion: There is no identified evidence for or against testing of people in healthcare facilities where there is ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Contribution: The evaluation of the effectiveness of testing strategies during SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks need baseline and follow-up data from well-designed before and after studies appropriate for the setting.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; healthcare facilities; post-exposure testing; systematic review; transmission.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author reported that they received funding from Country Readiness Strengthening, WHO World Health Emergencies Programme, Geneva, Switzerland to Cochrane Nigeria, which may be affected by the research reported in the enclosed publication. The author has disclosed those interests fully and has implemented an approved plan for managing any potential conflicts arising from their involvement. The terms of these funding arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the affiliated university in accordance with its policy on objectivity in research.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection among exposed residents/patients.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection among exposed healthcare workers.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Mortality among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected residents/patients.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Rate of hospitalisation among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive residents.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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