Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Mar 1;17(1):e2025018.
doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2025.018. eCollection 2025.

Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study

Affiliations

Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nawfal R Hussein et al. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. .
No abstract available

Keywords: HBV; Iraq; Risk factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of Interest.

References

    1. Global hepatitis report 2024 Action for access in low- and middle-income countries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240091672.
    1. Li Chunzheng, Wei Chenyu, Yang Xianguang. Hepatitis B Virus: Modes of Transmission, Immune Pathogenesis, and Research Progress on Therapeutic Vaccines. Exploration of Digestive Diseases. 2024;3(6):443–58. doi: 10.37349/edd.2024.00060. - DOI
    1. Pattyn Jade, Hendrickx Greet, Vorsters Alex, Van Damme Pierre. Hepatitis B Vaccines. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;224(Supplement_4):S343–S51. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa668. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hussein Nawfal. Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Blood Donors in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. babol-caspjim. 2018;9(1):22–26. doi: 10.22088/cjim.9.1.22. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Patel Ankoor, Dossaji Zahra, Gupta Kapil, Roma Katerina, Chandler Toni-Marie, Minacapelli Carlos D, Catalano Kaitlyn, Gish Robert, Rustgi Vinod. The Epidemiology, Transmission, Genotypes, Replication, Serologic and Nucleic Acid Testing, Immunotolerance, and Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus. Gastro Hep Advances. 2024;3(2):139–50. doi: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.10.008. - DOI - PMC - PubMed