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Review
. 2025 Mar 14;25(1):94.
doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-03666-5.

Molecular mechanisms of miR-192 in cancer: a biomarker and therapeutic target

Yang Yang  1   2 , Siti Razila Abdul Razak  1 , Ida Shazrina Ismail  1 , Yanxia Ma  3 , Muhammad Amir Yunus  4
Affiliations
Review

Molecular mechanisms of miR-192 in cancer: a biomarker and therapeutic target

Yang Yang et al. Cancer Cell Int. .

Abstract

Cancer remains a major global health challenge due to its rising prevalence and high mortality rates. The field of microRNAs (miRNAs) has made significant progress in the understanding of tumorigenesis and has broadened our knowledge of their targeting, especially in cancer therapy. miRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs, participate in post-transcriptional gene regulation by translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. Among these, microRNA-192 (miR-192) is located on human chromosome 11q13.1, and is highly correlated with the occurrence and development of various human cancers. Dysregulation of miR-192 has been extensively studied in various pathological processes, including tumorigenesis, making it a valuable biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The functional role of miR-192 varies across cancer types, acting as either a tumor suppressor or as an oncogene through the modulation of multiple gene expressions and downstream signaling pathways. However, the roles of miR-192 in cancer appear inconsistent across types, with current research often focused on specific genes or pathways, limiting insight into its broader impact on cellular signaling networks. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of miR-192 research. The paper reviews differences in miR-192 expression in cancer and systematically summarizes the role of miR-192 in cancers. The review further explores the complex roles of miR-192 in various pathological processes, emphasizing its regulatory pathways, interaction networks, and association with tumor progression. This review also illustrates the clinical application of miR-192 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for non-invasive cancer detection, as it is consistently present in both serum and exosomes. A comprehensive summary and analysis of the relationship between miR-192 and various cancers may provide valuable insights, potentially guiding novel approaches in clinical diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and foundational cancer research.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Expression; Mechanism; Oncogene; Tumor suppressor; miR-192.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Pathological Processes Involving miR-192 in Tumorigenesis. This figure illustrates the dual roles of miR-192 across cancer types, where it functions either as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene by targeting specific genes
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The Anti-tumor Mechanisms of miR-192 in Cancer. This figure provides a comprehensive summary of the regulatory pathways through which miR-192 exerts tumor-suppressive effects in various cancers, including its upstream regulators, downstream targets, and associated signaling pathways, as well as potential therapeutic implications
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The Oncogenic Mechanisms of miR-192 in cancer. This figure presents an overview of the regulatory pathways and molecular interactions through which miR-192 functions as an oncogene in various cancers, highlighting its contribution to tumor progression and malignancy
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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