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. 2025 Jul-Aug;40(4):165-172.
doi: 10.1097/JMQ.0000000000000236. Epub 2025 Mar 17.

Development and Early Validation of A Survey Instrument for Measuring Patient Engagement in Pain Management

Yea-Jen Hsu  1 , Traci J Speed  2 , Ariana Prinzbach  3 , Olivia Sutton  3 , Eileen M McDonald  1   4   5 , Amro Khasawneh  6 , Samuel Kim  4 , Ima Samba  4 , Ronen Shechter  3 , Marie N Hanna  3 , Jill A Marsteller  1   4 , Anping Xie  3   4
Affiliations

Development and Early Validation of A Survey Instrument for Measuring Patient Engagement in Pain Management

Yea-Jen Hsu et al. Am J Med Qual. 2025 Jul-Aug.

Abstract

Efforts to improve patient engagement in pain management are often hindered by inconsistent definitions and measurements. To address this gap, we developed and pilot-tested the 15-item Patient Engagement in Pain Management survey. A systematic review of 77 survey instruments identified 6 key constructs of patient engagement, and semi-structured interviews with 36 patients and 3 providers from the Johns Hopkins Personalized Pain Program informed its development. The initial 33-item survey was refined to 15 items, and usability and test-retest reliability were evaluated with 60 Personalized Pain Program patients. The median completion time was 3.5 minutes, with minimal missing data (<0.5%). Most respondents (96-100%) found the questions relevant, with higher average scores for patient-provider communication (3.6-4.5 on a 5-point scale) and lower scores for adherence challenges. Although the Patient Engagement in Pain Management survey demonstrated good usability and applicability, further studies are needed to enhance its test-retest reliability and psychometric validation.

Keywords: pain management; patient engagement; survey development.

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