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. 2025 Jan;15(1):211-221.
doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.20. Epub 2025 Jan 31.

Effects of experimental hepatic steatosis on apelin and various biochemical parameters in male white rabbits

Rana Suhail Al-Juwary  1 , Muntaha Mahmood Al-Kattan  2
Affiliations

Effects of experimental hepatic steatosis on apelin and various biochemical parameters in male white rabbits

Rana Suhail Al-Juwary et al. Open Vet J. 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Background: Hepatic steatosis is the second most prevalent liver disease following viral hepatitis, and its incidence is increasing rapidly, posing a significant threat to human health.

Aim: This research aimed to identify natural treatment methods that reduce the risk of experimental hepatic steatosis with triton by answering the following questions:Do polyphenols extracted from strawberries reduce the risk of experimental hepatic steatosis in rabbits?Do omega-3 extracted from almonds reduce the risk of experimental hepatic steatosis in rabbits?Is giving Omega-3, Vit. E considered the optimal treatment for hepatic steatosis?

Methods: This study aimed to assess the effects of strawberry polyphenols, omega-3 from almonds, omega-3, and vitamin E on reducing the risk of Triton-induced liver steatosis. The experiment involved 100 male rabbits (10-12 months old, 1,150-1,350 g) divided randomly into the following 10 groups: control group, Triton (300 mg/kg body mass) group, strawberry polyphenols group, strawberry polyphenols with Triton group, almond Omega-3 group, almond Omega-3 with Triton group, strawberry polyphenols with almond Omega-3 group, strawberry polyphenols with almond Omega-3 with Triton group, Omega-3, Vit. E group, and Omega-3, Vit. E with Triton group. Dosing occurred daily for 4 months.

Results: The results of the study indicated a significant increase in the levels of Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the group of rabbits treated with Triton compared with the other groups, while these parameters decreased in the groups treated with strawberry polyphenols, omega-3 from almonds, omega-3, and vitamin E. In addition, the levels of High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Paroxinase-1 activity, and apelin concentration decreased in the group treated with Triton but increased in the groups receiving strawberry polyphenols, omega-3 from almonds, omega-3, and vitamin E, at a probability level (p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion: These results suggest that polyphenols extracted from strawberries, Omega-3 extracted from almonds, and Omega-3, Vit. E is a suitable treatment for hepatic steatosis.

Keywords: Almond; Apelin; Fatty liver; PON-1; Strawberry; Triton.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.. HPLC chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract of strawberry fruits, which is characterized by distinct peaks corresponding to gallic acid, quercetin, caffeine, kaempferol, l-rutin, and apigenin, where the peak heights and concentrations (ppm/ml) are provided, which illustrates the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the extract composition. 1. L-Rutin 2. Apigenin 3. Gallic acid 4. Quercetin 5. Caffiene 6. Kaempferol.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.. Standard curve of Omega-3, as determined by HPLC.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.. Omega-3 compound of almond separated from petroleum ether extract and characterized using HPLC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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