Prevalence of Depression in Patients with Subjective Chronic Tinnitus in Rural Population of Puducherry: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source, is a prevalent auditory disorder that can have a significant psychological impact, particularly in the form of depression. While the association between tinnitus and depression is well-documented in Western populations, limited research exists within the Indian context, especially in rural settings. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression in patients with subjective chronic tinnitus in a rural population of Puducherry. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted over four months, from February 2023 to May 2023, among 100 patients visiting the ENT outpatient department at Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences. Participants, aged 18 and above with a history of tinnitus for at least one year, were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Those with a prior psychiatric history were excluded. Data collection included demographic information, tinnitus duration, hearing loss, and assessment using the Beck's Depression Inventory scale. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS V22.0, with chi-square tests to assess the association between tinnitus, hearing loss, and depression. The mean age of the participants was 44.40 ± 5.03 years, with 59 males and 41 females. Tinnitus duration was less than five years in 65% of patients and more than five years in 35%. Tinnitus with normal hearing was present in 73% of participants, while 27% had hearing impairment. Depression was prevalent in 31% of patients, with 8% exhibiting mild, 14% moderate, and 9% severe depression. A significant association was found between depression and tinnitus sufferers with and without hearing impairment (p = 0.024). The study highlights a 31% prevalence of depression among tinnitus patients in rural Puducherry. Given the significant association between tinnitus and depression, routine psychological assessment should be integrated into tinnitus management, especially in rural areas. Early detection and intervention, including mental health counseling and community support initiatives, are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Keywords: Beck’s inventory scale; Chronic subjective tinnitus; Depression; Hearing Loss.