Effects of Vernix Caseosa on Cesarean Skin Incision: A Double-Blind Study

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Vernix caseosa is a natural protective barrier with moisturizing, wound healing, and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vernix caseosa on skin pigmentation and wound healing in cesarean section incisions. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. A total of 210 first-time cesarean section patients were included. Vernix caseosa, collected from newborns, was applied to the incision site in half of the participants, while the other half received a placebo. Scar assessment was performed using the Manchester Scar Scale and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Results: The vernix group showed significantly lower Manchester Scar Scale scores (9.00 ± 2.07 vs. 12.60 ± 2.72, p < 0.001) and POSAS total scores (53.57 ± 20.48 vs. 89.60 ± 26.54, p < 0.001) compared to the control group. These results suggest that vernix caseosa accelerates wound healing and improves cosmetic outcomes. Conclusions: Vernix caseosa emerges as a natural, effective, and low-cost method to promote wound healing in cesarean section incisions. Its medical and cosmetic benefits support its use in postoperative care. Future studies could further validate these findings in broader populations and explore additional clinical applications.

Keywords: cesarean section; healing; scar; vernix caseosa; wound.