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. 2025 May;246(3):1163-1182.
doi: 10.1111/nph.70032. Epub 2025 Mar 17.

Glucosinolates can act as signals to modulate intercellular trafficking via plasmodesmata

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Glucosinolates can act as signals to modulate intercellular trafficking via plasmodesmata

Jessica C Fernandez et al. New Phytol. 2025 May.

Abstract

Plasmodesmata (PD) allow direct communication across the cellulosic plant cell wall, facilitating the intercellular movement of metabolites and signaling molecules within the symplast. In Arabidopsis thaliana embryos with reduced levels of the chloroplast RNA helicase ISE2, intercellular trafficking and the number of branched PD were increased. We therefore investigated the relationship between altered ISE2 expression and intercellular trafficking. Gene expression analyses in Arabidopsis tissues where ISE2 expression was increased or decreased identified genes associated with the metabolism of glucosinolates (GLSs) as highly affected. Concomitant with changes in the expression of GLS-related genes, plants with abnormal ISE2 expression contained altered GLS metabolic profiles compared with wild-type (WT) counterparts. Indeed, changes in the expression of GLS-associated genes led to altered intercellular trafficking in Arabidopsis leaves. Exogenous application of GLSs but not their breakdown products also resulted in altered intercellular trafficking. These changes in trafficking may be mediated by callose levels at PD as exogenous GLS treatment was sufficient to modulate plasmodesmal callose in WT plants. Furthermore, auxin metabolism was perturbed in plants with increased indole-type GLS levels. These findings suggest that GLSs, which are themselves transported between cells via PD, can act on PD to regulate plasmodesmal trafficking capacity.

胞间连丝(Plasmodesmata, PD)穿透由纤维素构成的植物细胞壁,实现了相邻细胞间的直接通讯,促进了代谢产物和信号分子在共质体内的运输。这种连通性使植物体能够协调响应发育和环境信号。前期研究发现,在ISE2(一种叶绿体RNA解旋酶)水平降低的拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)胚胎中,胞间运输能力与分支型胞间连丝数量均有所上升。为此,我们对ISE2表达水平的改变与胞间运输之间的关系进行了研究。 基因表达分析发现,在ISE2表达上调或下调的拟南芥组织中,硫代葡萄糖苷(glucosinolates, GLSs)代谢相关基因的表达深受影响。 在ISE2异常表达的植株中,伴随着GLS相关基因表达水平的改变,其GLS代谢谱相较于野生型对照也出现了明显差异。实验表明, GLS相关基因表达水平的改变确实能导致拟南芥叶片内的胞间运输发生变化。外源施加GLS而非其水解后产物也会引起胞间运输的变化。 这些发生在运输上的变化可能是由胞间连丝处的胼胝质积累水平介导的,因为外源施加GLS可显著调节野生型植物胞间连丝处的胼胝质积累水平。此外,在吲哚型GLS水平升高的植物中,生长素代谢也受到了干扰。综上,这些发现表明,本身通过胞间连丝进行胞间运输的GLS分子能够同时作用于胞间连丝,调节其运输能力。.

Los plasmodesmos (PD) permiten la comunicación directa atravesando la pared celular celulósica de las plantas, facilitando el movimiento intercelular de metabolitos y moléculas señal por el simplasto. En embriones de Arabidopsis thaliana, con niveles reducidos de la ARN helicasa ISE2 del cloroplasto, el tráfico intercelular y el número de PD ramificados incrementaron. Por lo tanto, aquí investigamos la relación entre la expresión alterada de ISE2 y el tráfico intercelular. El análisis de la expresión génica, en tejidos de Arabidopsis donde la expresión de ISE2 estaba aumentada o disminuida, identificó una alta influencia sobre genes asociados con el metabolismo de glucosinolatos (GLSs). En asociación con los cambios en la expresión de genes relacionados a GLSs, las plantas con una expresión anormal de ISE2 mostraron perfiles metabólicos alterados de GLSs comparado a plantas wildtype. Además, los cambios en la expresión de genes asociados a GLSs condujeron a una alteración del tráfico intercelular en hojas de Arabidopsis. La aplicación exógena de GLSs, pero no de sus productos de degradación, también provocó un tráfico intercelular alterado. Los cambios en el tráfico intercelular estarían mediados por niveles de calosa en los PD, debido a que el tratamiento de aplicación exógena de GLSs fue suficiente para modular el contenido de calosa en los PD de plantas wildtype. En adición, el metabolismo de auxina se vio perturbado en plantas con mayores niveles de GLSs del tipo indol. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los GLSs, los cuales son transportados célula a célula vía PD, pueden actuar sobre los PD para regular su capacidad de transporte.

Keywords: Arabidopsis; auxin; callose; glucosinolates; intercellular trafficking; myrosinase; plasmodesmata; signaling.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests

None declared.

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