New frontiers in generative artificial intelligence - enhancing custom GPTs with ophthalmology guidelines

doi:10.1038/s41433-025-03746-w

. 2025 May;39(7):1235-1237.

doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-03746-w. Epub 2025 Mar 17.

New frontiers in generative artificial intelligence - enhancing custom GPTs with ophthalmology guidelines

Andrea Taloni^{1

2

3}, Giuseppe Alessio⁴, Giulia Coco⁵, Vincenzo Scorcia⁴, Angeli Christy Yu^{1

2

3}, Luigi De Rosa^{1

2

3}, Niccolò Salgari^{1

2

3}, Massimo Busin^{1

2

3}, Giuseppe Giannaccare⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forlì "Villa Igea", Forlì, Italy.
³ Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia, Forlì, Italy.
⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
⁵ Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
⁶ Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. giuseppe.giannaccare@unica.it.

PMID: 40097744
PMCID: PMC12044077 (available on 2026-05-01)
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-025-03746-w

New frontiers in generative artificial intelligence - enhancing custom GPTs with ophthalmology guidelines

Andrea Taloni et al. Eye (Lond). 2025 May.

. 2025 May;39(7):1235-1237.

doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-03746-w. Epub 2025 Mar 17.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forlì "Villa Igea", Forlì, Italy.
³ Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia, Forlì, Italy.
⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
⁵ Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
⁶ Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. giuseppe.giannaccare@unica.it.

PMID: 40097744
PMCID: PMC12044077 (available on 2026-05-01)
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-025-03746-w

No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: GG is a member of the Eye editorial board. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

1. Alkaissi H, McFarlane SI. Artificial Hallucinations in ChatGPT: Implications in Scientific Writing. Cureus. 2023;15. 10.7759/CUREUS.35179. - PMC - PubMed
1. Introducing GPTs. OpenAI, https://openai.com/index/introducing-gpts/. 2024.
1. Sevgi M, Antaki F, Keane PA. Medical education with large language models in ophthalmology: custom instructions and enhanced retrieval capabilities. Brit J Ophthalmol. 2024;0:1–8. - PMC - PubMed
1. About Preferred Practice Patterns (PPPs) - American Academy of Ophthalmology, https://www.aao.org/education/about-preferred-practice-patterns. 2024.
1. American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2024-2025 Basic And Clinical Science Course, Complete Print Set. 2024.

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[1] Alkaissi H, McFarlane SI. Artificial Hallucinations in ChatGPT: Implications in Scientific Writing. Cureus. 2023;15. 10.7759/CUREUS.35179. - PMC - PubMed

[2] Alkaissi H, McFarlane SI. Artificial Hallucinations in ChatGPT: Implications in Scientific Writing. Cureus. 2023;15. 10.7759/CUREUS.35179. - PMC - PubMed

[3] Introducing GPTs. OpenAI, https://openai.com/index/introducing-gpts/. 2024.

[4] Introducing GPTs. OpenAI, https://openai.com/index/introducing-gpts/. 2024.

[5] Sevgi M, Antaki F, Keane PA. Medical education with large language models in ophthalmology: custom instructions and enhanced retrieval capabilities. Brit J Ophthalmol. 2024;0:1–8. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Sevgi M, Antaki F, Keane PA. Medical education with large language models in ophthalmology: custom instructions and enhanced retrieval capabilities. Brit J Ophthalmol. 2024;0:1–8. - PMC - PubMed

[7] About Preferred Practice Patterns (PPPs) - American Academy of Ophthalmology, https://www.aao.org/education/about-preferred-practice-patterns. 2024.

[8] About Preferred Practice Patterns (PPPs) - American Academy of Ophthalmology, https://www.aao.org/education/about-preferred-practice-patterns. 2024.

[9] American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2024-2025 Basic And Clinical Science Course, Complete Print Set. 2024.

[10] American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2024-2025 Basic And Clinical Science Course, Complete Print Set. 2024.

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New frontiers in generative artificial intelligence - enhancing custom GPTs with ophthalmology guidelines

Affiliations

New frontiers in generative artificial intelligence - enhancing custom GPTs with ophthalmology guidelines

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

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