Effective Roles of Primary Care Clinics in Lowering Total Cost of Care Among Commercially Insured Populations: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Proposals to reduce the cost of health care services and improve the quality of care often involve ambitious expectations for the role of primary care clinics (PCCs). We systematically reviewed the literature to identify interventions PCCs could undertake to reduce avoidable emergency department visits and ambulatory care-sensitive admissions. Database searches resulted in only seven studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. Very few studies identified interventions that primary care physicians could undertake to reduce total cost of care, possibly because relatively few PCCs are held responsible for total cost of care. Evidence-based interventions to reduce ACS admissions and ED use included case-management models, clinical decision-support tools, & care plans integrated into patients' electronic medical records. The interventions highlighted a heightened role for PCCs in care coordination and access to care that could lead to patients actively engaging in care management and consulting PCCs before seeking urgent care.

Keywords: emergency department; interventions; primary care clinics; systematic review; total cost of care.