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. 2025 May;47(5):533-540.
doi: 10.1007/s13258-025-01627-w. Epub 2025 Mar 18.

RepID depletion enhances TWS119-induced erythropoiesis through chromatin reprogramming and transcription factor recruitment

Seon-Mi Ok #  1 , Jae-Hyun Jo #  1 , Hyo Je Cho  2   3 , Sang-Min Jang  4   5
Affiliations

RepID depletion enhances TWS119-induced erythropoiesis through chromatin reprogramming and transcription factor recruitment

Seon-Mi Ok et al. Genes Genomics. 2025 May.

Abstract

Background: Erythrocytes, derived from hematopoietic stem cells, are essential for oxygen transport, ensuring survival in all vertebrate animals. The process of erythropoiesis is associated with gene expression changes, but many key regulatory factors that govern erythroid differentiation remain to be fully understood.

Objective: This study investigates the role of TWS119, a known GSK3β inhibitor, in inducing erythropoiesis in K562 erythroleukemia cells and explores the impact of Replication initiation determinant protein (RepID) depletion on the process.

Methods: K562 cells were treated with TWS119 and erythropoiesis markers including various erythrocytic phenotypes were assessed. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analysis was employed to examine the changes in chromatin structure and gene expression regulation. The impact of RepID depletion on TWS119-induced erythropoiesis was also evaluated by analyzing globin promoter euchromatinization and NRF2 binding.

Results: TWS119 treatment led to erythrocytic phenotypes in K562 cells, such as red pellet formation, enucleation, and nucleus condensation, along with the upregulation of erythropoiesis markers. Furthermore, RepID depletion accelerated TWS119-mediated erythropoiesis. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed euchromatinization of the globin promoter and enhanced NRF2 binding in RepID-depleted cells, suggesting a mechanism of gene expression regulation during erythropoiesis.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that TWS119 can induce erythropoiesis in K562 cells, and that RepID depletion enhances this process by modulating chromatin structure and facilitating transcription factor binding. These findings highlight a RepID-dependent mechanism in the regulation of gene expression during erythropoiesis.

Keywords: Erythropoiesis; Euchromatin; Globin; RepID; TWS119.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethical approval: Not applicable. Informed consent: Not applicable.

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