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. 2025 Mar 18;15(1):9300.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-92786-z.

Analyzing cost impacts across the entire process of prefabricated building components from design to application

Lin Liu  1   2 , Hsing-Wei Tai  3   4 , Teng Wang  2 , Liang Qiao  5 , Kuo-Tai Cheng  6
Affiliations

Analyzing cost impacts across the entire process of prefabricated building components from design to application

Lin Liu et al. Sci Rep. .

Erratum in

Abstract

This study examines cost control challenges in prefabricated building construction, focusing on the design, production, transportation, and installation phases. A conceptual framework was developed through a literature review, and structural equation models were constructed using SPSS and AMOS based on data from Chinese prefabricated building firms. This study provides a holistic perspective on cost control in the prefabrication construction phase. The findings reveal that increased investment in design significantly reduces costs in subsequent phases, with design having the greatest impact on cost control. Production and installation have similar effects on overall costs, while transportation has the least impact. Key factors influencing cost management include prefabrication efficiency, IT proficiency, production scale, loading strategy, and installation complexity. By emphasizing the strategic role of design and production investments, this study delivers novel insights and practical recommendations for optimizing costs, offering decision-making support for improving cost efficiency in prefabricated buildings. These findings make a significant contribution to advancing research and industry practices in prefabricated building cost management.

Keywords: Cost dynamics; Impact mechanism; Prefabricated Building; Structural equation model.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Research hypothesis framework.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
First-order confirmatory factor analysis model.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Modified first-order confirmatory factor analysis model.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Cost impact factors at different prefabrication stages.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Modified second-order model of prefabricated component cost.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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