Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Mar 18;15(1):9312.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94335-0.

International expert consensus on the current status and future prospects of artificial intelligence in metabolic and bariatric surgery

Mohammad Kermansaravi  1 , Sonja Chiappetta  2 , Shahab Shahabi Shahmiri  3 , Julian Varas  4 , Chetan Parmar  5 , Yung Lee  6 , Jerry T Dang  7 , Asim Shabbir  8 , Daniel Hashimoto  9 , Amir Hossein Davarpanah Jazi  10 , Ozanan R Meireles  11 , Edo Aarts  12 , Hazem Almomani  13 , Aayad Alqahtani  14 , Ali Aminian  15 , Estuardo Behrens  16 , Dieter Birk  17 , Felipe J Cantu  18 , Ricardo V Cohen  19 , Maurizio De Luca  20 , Nicola Di Lorenzo  21 , Bruno Dillemans  22 , Mohamad Hayssam ElFawal  23 , Daniel Moritz Felsenreich  24 , Michel Gagner  25 , Hector Gabriel Galvan  26 , Carlos Galvani  27 , Khaled Gawdat  28 , Omar M Ghanem  29 , Ashraf Haddad  30 , Jaques Himpens  31 , Kazunori Kasama  32 , Radwan Kassir  33 , Mousa Khoursheed  34 , Haris Khwaja  35 , Lilian Kow  36 , Panagiotis Lainas  37 , Muffazal Lakdawala  38 , Rafael Luengas Tello  39 , Kamal Mahawar  40 , Caetano Marchesini  41 , Mario A Masrur  42 , Claudia Meza  43 , Mario Musella  44 , Abdelrahman Nimeri  45 , Patrick Noel  46 , Mariano Palermo  47 , Abdolreza Pazouki  10 , Jaime Ponce  48 , Gerhard Prager  24 , César David Quiróz-Guadarrama  49 , Karl P Rheinwalt  50 , Jose G Rodriguez  51 , Alan A Saber  52 , Paulina Salminen  53 , Scott A Shikora  45 , Erik Stenberg  54 , Christine K Stier  55 , Michel Suter  56 , Samuel Szomstein  57 , Halit Eren Taskin  58 , Ramon Vilallonga  59 , Ala Wafa  60 , Wah Yang  61 , Ricardo Zorron  62 , Antonio Torres  63 , Matthew Kroh  7 , Natan Zundel  64
Affiliations

International expert consensus on the current status and future prospects of artificial intelligence in metabolic and bariatric surgery

Mohammad Kermansaravi et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of medicine, including surgical science and practice. The evolution of AI from rule-based systems to advanced machine learning and deep learning algorithms has opened new avenues for its application in metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). AI has the potential to enhance various aspects of MBS, including education and training, decision-making, procedure planning, cost and time efficiency, optimization of surgical techniques, outcome and complication prediction, patient education, and access to care. However, concerns persist regarding the reliability of AI-generated decisions and associated ethical considerations. This study aims to establish a consensus on the role of AI in MBS using a modified Delphi method. A panel of 68 leading metabolic and bariatric surgeons from 35 countries participated in this consensus-building process, providing expert insights into the integration of AI in MBS. Of the 28 statements evaluated, a consensus of at least 70% was achieved for all, with 25 statements reaching consensus in the first round and the remaining three in the second round. Experts agreed that AI has the potential to enhance the evaluation of surgical skills in MBS by providing objective, detailed assessments, enabling personalized feedback, and accelerating the learning curve. Most experts also recognized AI's role in identifying qualified candidates for MBS referrals, helping patient and procedure selection, and addressing specific clinical questions. However, concerns were raised about the potential overreliance on AI-generated recommendations. The consensus emphasized the need for ethical guidelines governing AI use and the inclusion of AI's role in decision-making within the patient consent process. Furthermore, the results suggest that AI education should become an essential component of future surgical training. Advancements in AI-driven robotics and AI-integrated genomic applications were also identified as promising developments that could significantly shape the future of MBS.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Bariatric surgery; Machine learning; Metabolic surgery; Simulation training; Virtual reality.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Similar articles

  • Artificial Intelligence in Aesthetic Medicine: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.
    Al-Dhubaibi MS, Mohammed GF, Atef LM, Bahaj SS, Al-Dhubaibi AM, Bukhari AM. Al-Dhubaibi MS, et al. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025 Jun;24(6):e70241. doi: 10.1111/jocd.70241. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025. PMID: 40501296 Free PMC article. Review.
  • Metabolic and Bariatric Surgeon Criteria-An International Experts' Consensus.
    Kermansaravi M, Chiappetta S, Shikora SA, Musella M, Kow L, Aarts E, Abbas SI, Aly A, Aminian A, Angrisani L, Asghar ST, Bashir A, Behrens E, Billy H, Boza C, Brown WA, Caina DO, Carbajo MA, Chevallier JM, Clapp B, Cohen RV, Jazi AHD, De Luca M, Dilemans B, Fried M, Gagner M, Neto MG, Garneau PY, Gawdat K, Ghanem OM, Al Hadad M, Haddad A, ElFawal MH, Herrera MF, Higa K, Himpens J, Husain F, Kasama K, Kassir R, Khoursheed M, Khwaja H, Kristinsson JA, Kroh M, Kurian MS, Lakdawala M, LaMasters T, Lee WJ, Madhok B, Mahawar K, Mahdy T, Almomani H, Melissas J, Miller K, Neimark A, Omarov T, Palermo M, Papasavas PK, Parmar C, Pazouki A, Peterli R, Pintar T, Poggi L, Ponce J, Prasad A, Pratt JSA, Ramos AC, Rezvani M, Rheinwalt K, Ribeiro R, Ruiz-Ucar E, Sabry K, Safadi B, Shabbir A, ShahabiShahmiri S, Stenberg E, Suter M, Taha S, Taskin HE, Torres A, Verboonen S, Vilallonga R, Voon K, Wafa A, Wang C, Weiner R, Yang W, Zundel N, Prager G, Nimeri A. Kermansaravi M, et al. Obes Surg. 2024 Sep;34(9):3216-3228. doi: 10.1007/s11695-024-07395-y. Epub 2024 Jul 24. Obes Surg. 2024. PMID: 39046625
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) in restorative dentistry: current trends and future prospects.
    Najeeb M, Islam S. Najeeb M, et al. BMC Oral Health. 2025 Apr 18;25(1):592. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05989-1. BMC Oral Health. 2025. PMID: 40251567 Free PMC article. Review.
  • Current recommendations for procedure selection in class I and II obesity developed by an expert modified Delphi consensus.
    Kermansaravi M, Chiappetta S, Parmar C, Shikora SA, Prager G, LaMasters T, Ponce J, Kow L, Nimeri A, Kothari SN, Aarts E, Abbas SI, Aly A, Aminian A, Bashir A, Behrens E, Billy H, Carbajo MA, Clapp B, Chevallier JM, Cohen RV, Dargent J, Dillemans B, Faria SL, Neto MG, Garneau PY, Gawdat K, Haddad A, ElFawal MH, Higa K, Himpens J, Husain F, Hutter MM, Kasama K, Kassir R, Khan A, Khoursheed M, Kroh M, Kurian MS, Lee WJ, Loi K, Mahawar K, McBride CL, Almomani H, Melissas J, Miller K, Misra M, Musella M, Northup CJ, O'Kane M, Papasavas PK, Palermo M, Peterson RM, Peterli R, Poggi L, Pratt JSA, Alqahtani A, Ramos AC, Rheinwalt K, Ribeiro R, Rogers AM, Safadi B, Salminen P, Santoro S, Sann N, Scott JD, Shabbir A, Sogg S, Stenberg E, Suter M, Torres A, Ugale S, Vilallonga R, Wang C, Weiner R, Zundel N, Angrisani L, De Luca M. Kermansaravi M, et al. Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 11;14(1):3445. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54141-6. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38341469 Free PMC article.
  • An international Delphi consensus on patient preparation for metabolic and bariatric surgery.
    Clyde DR, Adib R, Baig S, Bhasker AG, Byrne J, Cameron D, Catalain C, Clare K, de Beaux A, Drummond G, Fawal H, Fried M, Ghanem O, Graham Y, Goel R, Hopkins G, Husain F, Joyce B, Kermansaravi M, Kothari S, Kow L, Leite S, Madhok B, Mahon D, Miller K, Miras A, Moussa O, Neto MG, Nimeri A, O'Kane M, Parmar C, Peterli R, Poggi L, Saliminen P, Sarkar R, Shenfine J, Sogg S, Stenberg E, Suter M, Taha S, Tahrani A, Vilallonga R, Voon K, Welbourn R, Zerrweck C, Lamb P, Mahawar KK, Yang W, Robertson AGN. Clyde DR, et al. Clin Obes. 2025 Apr;15(2):e12722. doi: 10.1111/cob.12722. Epub 2024 Dec 14. Clin Obes. 2025. PMID: 39673462
See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Alowais, S. A. et al. Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice. BMC Med. Educ.23 (1), 689 (2023). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Balla, A. et al. Augmented reality (AR) in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) training: where are we now in Italy? The Italian society of endoscopic surgery (SICE) ARMIS survey. Updates Surg.75 (1), 85–93 (2023). - PubMed
    1. Jawara, D. et al. Using machine learning to predict weight gain in adults: an observational analysis from the all of Us research program. J. Surg. Res.306, 43–53 (2024). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zucchini, N. et al. Advanced Non-linear modeling and explainable artificial intelligence techniques for predicting 30-Day complications in bariatric surgery: A Single-Center study. Obes. Surg.34 (10), 3627–3638 (2024). - PubMed
    1. Ochs, V. et al. Development of predictive model for predicting postoperative BMI and optimize bariatric surgery: a single center pilot study. Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis.20 (12), 1234–1243 (2024). - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources