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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2025 Mar 18;25(1):308.
doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07437-y.

Evaluating the impact of an educational self-care intervention on the empowerment of primigravida pregnant women covered by family medicine program in the Estahban City -an application of the Pender's health promotion model

Zahra Rezaei  1 , Zahra Yazdanpanahi  2 , Abdolrahim Asadollahi  3 , Masoud Karimi  4 , Leila Ghahremani  5
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Evaluating the impact of an educational self-care intervention on the empowerment of primigravida pregnant women covered by family medicine program in the Estahban City -an application of the Pender's health promotion model

Zahra Rezaei et al. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. .

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are stages in a woman's life that are associated with many different changes. These changes make normal pregnancy stressful and, if not adequately attended to, can have various irreparable effects on the fetus and the mother. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of an educational self-care intervention on the empowerment of primigravida pregnant women in the GP program in the city of Estahban.

Materials and methods: The present study was a randomized controlled trial. The sample included 80 pregnant primigravida women with a gestational age of 14-28 weeks. The samples were randomly selected and divided into an intervention group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40). The method of sample selection for the generalizability of the study results and the maximum reduction of the socio-economic differences of the samples of the two control and experimental groups were selected from 4 health centers based in a simple random method, 2 centers along with the covered bases were selected as the control group and two other comprehensive health centers along with the covered bases were selected as the experimental group. In the selected databases, the names of eligible people were listed from the SIB system and among the mothers eligible to enter the study, 40 people were randomly considered as the control group and 40 people as the intervention group. Six sessions were held for the intervention group; however, the control group received no training. A posttest was conducted 1 month after the educational intervention for both the intervention and control groups. The data were analyzed via 3 questionnaires (demographic data, Kameda Empowerment of Pregnant Women and Self-Assessed Self-Care Empowerment in Pregnancy (SSAP)) and SPSS version 27 as well as chi-square tests, independent t-tests and paired t-tests.

Results: One month after the intervention, a significant difference was observed in all the constructs of the Pender health promotion model and empowerment subscales compared to with those of the control group (p < 0.001). In the in-group comparison in the intervention group, although no significant differences were observed in the interpersonal influence structure and future image, social support or joy in addition to the family subscales, the mean scores increased.

Conclusion: Self-care interventions based on Pender's health promotion model can increase the ability of pregnant primigravida women to address common problems during pregnancy and thus improve pregnancy outcomes. To achieve significant changes in the interpersonal influence structure and future image, social support and the joy of an addition to the family subscales, more educational sessions, together with their trusted supporters, including their husbands, are emphasized.

Trial registration: Before starting the current research, it was registered in the clinical trial portal with the specifications of the clinical code Trial Id: 73547, IRCT Id: IRCT20131014015015N23, Registration date: 2023-11-10, 1402/08/19 and Membership number: 15015.

Keywords: Educational intervention; Empowerment; Pender’s health promotion model; Pregnancy; Self-care.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Data collection was performed after obtaining the necessary authorization from the competent authority and the Code of Ethics. After receiving the code of ethics (IR.SUMS.SCHEANUT.REC.1402.117) and also registering in the clinical trial portal with the trial code 73547 and IRCT20131014015015N23 before starting work and then obtaining permission from the protection and research committee center of Shiraz and then the protection of the health network of Estahban city, with the cooperation of health workers; The informed consent form was first reviewed and approved by Shiraz Medical Sciences and then Estahban Health Network Guard. Since this research deals with human samples, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki have been considered. This statement has been compiled as a declaration of ethical principles of medical research on human subjects, and it also includes research on possible human data. It is necessary to consider this statement in conducting all medical research involving human participants. This statement states that people involved in the study should never engage in research misconduct. Before the intervention, the purpose and content of the consent form were fully explained to the participants. This consent form that was obtained from all of the participants, was informed. The questionnaires and the ethical consent form prepared for this research, which were approved by the security and ethics committee of the above centers, were completed by all the participants of both groups. The study participants were explained and assured that the questionnaires are anonymous and coded; Therefore, the information of each questionnaire is completely confidential and the information is analyzed and reported collectively. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Diagram of the study implementation process by the CONSORT 2010 agreement
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