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. 2025 Mar 19;20(3):e0318513.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318513. eCollection 2025.

Development and evaluation of a Physiotherapy-led, WHO-ICOPE-Based, Person-Centered Integrated Care Program (PTICOPE) module to enhance intrinsic capacity in older adults: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Nurhazrina Noordin  1   2 , Akkradate Siriphorn  2 , Yu Chye Wah  3 , Maria Justine  1   2
Affiliations

Development and evaluation of a Physiotherapy-led, WHO-ICOPE-Based, Person-Centered Integrated Care Program (PTICOPE) module to enhance intrinsic capacity in older adults: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Nurhazrina Noordin et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Declining intrinsic capacity (IC), encompassing domains such as locomotion, cognitive function, vitality, vision, hearing, and psychological well-being, is prevalent among older adults, impacting independence and quality of life (QoL). This study aims to develop and evaluate the Physiotherapy-led Person-Centered Integrated Care for Older People (PTICOPE) based on the WHO-ICOPE framework to enhance IC among older adults in Malaysia.

Methods: This is a 12-week, multicenter, randomized controlled trial involving 70 community-dwelling older adults aged 60-75, recruited from three Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas (PAWE) (Activity Center for Older Adults) in the Northern region of Malaysia. Participants will be randomized to either the intervention group, receiving the PTICOPE module workbook and guided use, or the control group, receiving general IC information, healthcare education, and self-care management. The recruitment of participants for this study has not yet commenced. Recruitment is expected to start after completing the validation of the PTICOPE module, however, it is anticipated that the recruitment start date is in February 2025 and will end in August 2025. Primary outcomes, including locomotor, psychological, cognitive, vitality, visual, and hearing functions using validated scales, will be collected at baseline, 4th, 8th, and 12th week of the study period. Secondary outcomes will evaluate QoL, activities of daily living, urogenital health, and oral health at baseline and 12th week. The normality of data will be checked. The independent t-tests, Chi-square tests, paired t-tests, and Repeated measures ANOVA will be used for data analysis, with a significant level at p < 0.05.

Discussion: This study will develop a PTICOPE based on the WHO-ICOPE framework and test its efficacy in the older population residing in the community. The findings of this study hold the potential to establish an evidence-based approach for enhancing IC among community-dwelling older adults.

Trials registration: Thai Clinical Trials (Number: TCTR20241029007).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. SPRIT schedule for enrollment.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The CONSORT flow diagram.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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