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. 2025 Mar 19;20(3):e0319956.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319956. eCollection 2025.

A new stage for predicting the prognosis of granulomatous lobular mastitis

Ruiyang Wu  1 , Haiyan Zhang  1 , Yan Wang  1 , Yunlu Mo  2 , Huihua Hu  1 , Jin Chen  1 , Wei Huang  1 , Qinyan Shi  1 , Yuqing Kang  1 , Jing Luo  1
Affiliations

A new stage for predicting the prognosis of granulomatous lobular mastitis

Ruiyang Wu et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Introduction: The prognosis of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) had been poor, primarily due to the lack of a unified disease assessment standard.

Objective: The purpose of this cohort study was to establish a staging system for GLM to more accurately evaluate the prognosis of patients.

Methods: This study retrospectively collected data from 264 GLM patients who visited our hospital between January 2017 and December 2023. Through logistic regression analysis, factors associated with prognosis were identified, which served as the basis for creating a new staging system.

Results: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that hyperlipidemia (HR: 2.031; 95% CI: 1.100-3.750) and microabscesses (HR: 2.087; 95% CI = 1.138-3.827) were significant independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of GLM patients. Based on the results of logistic analysis, three different stages were ultimately established, and it was found that stage C had the highest AUC value (AUC: 0.642), followed by stage B (AUC: 0.628), with stage A (AUC: 0.614) having the lowest. The Delong test revealed no significant difference in AUC values between stage A and stage B (P = 0.255), nor between stage B and stage C (P = 0.263). However, the AUC value of the stage C was found to be higher than that of stage A (P < 0.001). Given that stage C has the highest AUC value, this study selected stage C as the final stage for evaluating the prognosis of GLM patients and named it the 1st edition of GLM stage.

Conclusions: This study constructed a rigorous and widely applicable GLM staging system (the 1st edition of GLM stage). The system demonstrated good predictive outcomes and provided strong support for clinical decision-making.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. ROC curves for stages A, B, and C.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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