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Meta-Analysis
. 2025 Mar 19;15(1):9471.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94428-w.

Prevalence of hematological malignancies in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zewudu Mulatie  1 , Dereje Mengesha Berta  2 , Alemu Gedefie  3 , Hussen Ebrahim  3 , Brukitawit Eshetu  3 , Tesfaye Gessese  3 , Mihret Tilahun  3 , Seada Ali  3 , Habtu Debash  3 , Yeshimebet Kassa  3 , Ermiyas Alemayehu  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of hematological malignancies in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zewudu Mulatie et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Hematological malignancies are a class of neoplasms that include a variety of diverse diseases that all develop from and change into lymphatic and bone marrow cells. Hematological malignancies significantly contribute to illness and mortality in African nations. The prevalence of these malignancies has not been evaluated in this continent. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the pooled prevalence of hematological malignancies in Africa. From October to November 2023, the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Research Gate, Embase, and Scopus were extensively searched to identify pertinent research. The Newcastle‒Ottawa Quality Scale for cross-sectional studies was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The analysis tool used was STATA-14. To calculate the pooled prevalence of hematological malignancies, a random effects model was used. Heterogeneity was measured by using the I2 value. Subgroup analysis was conducted for country, age of study subjects, population type, study design, and publication year. We evaluated publication bias through the implementation of a funnel plot and Egger's test and conducted a sensitivity analysis. A total of 34 published articles including 43,099 study participants were included. The pooled prevalence of hematological malignancies was 27.30%. There was high heterogeneity, with an I2 value of 99.2%. Leukemia had the highest pooled prevalence (53.69%) among the hematological malignancy types, followed by lymphoma (38.36%). According to subgroup analysis conducted in African countries, Kenya had the highest pooled prevalence (44.69%). On the other hand, the lowest pooled prevalence reported in Nigeria (20.52%). Furthermore, the age-based subgroup analysis of the study participants revealed that children had a greater pooled prevalence of hematological malignancies than adults (60.92% vs. 17.02%), respectively. In African populations, the pooled prevalence of hematological malignancies was 27.30%. This suggests that there is a significant prevalence of hematological malignancy, necessitating regular monitoring and accurate diagnosis.Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42023427152.

Keywords: Africa; Hematological malignancy; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Prevalence; Systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval and consent to participate were not required because this was a systematic review and meta-analysis that did not involve human or animal experiments. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of the included studies for the systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Geographical distribution of hematological malignancy. Map showing Africa countries for which data were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis created using https://www.mapchart.net/world-subdivisions.html. The different color shading indicates the prevalence of hematoloogical malignancy in each country.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot of hematological malignancies in Africa.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Funnel plot of publication bias.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Contour- enhanced Funnel plot of trim and fill analysis.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Galbraith plot of hematological malignancies in Africa.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Sensitivity analysis of hematological malignancies in Africa.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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