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. 2025 Mar 19;25(1):219.
doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05376-9.

Multiplex immunohistochemistry reveals histological features of three different intestinal polyp subtypes in pediatric patients

Lanlan Huang #  1 , Xinjia Liu #  1 , Songyang Li  2   3 , Yongjie Liu  2   3 , Weijian Chen  4 , Yana Li  2   3 , Hongyan Peng  2   3 , Xiangyu Wang  2   3 , Peiwen Xiong  2   3 , Qinglan Yang  2   3 , Shuting Wu  2   3 , Ling Che  5 , Hongmei Zhao  6 , Yafei Deng  7   8   9
Affiliations

Multiplex immunohistochemistry reveals histological features of three different intestinal polyp subtypes in pediatric patients

Lanlan Huang et al. BMC Pediatr. .

Abstract

Background: Histologically, our understanding of intestinal polyps remains limited in scope, particularly regarding the diverse subtypes observed in pediatric patients. To enhance our comprehension, three different polyp subtypes including solitary juvenile polyps (SJPs), juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS)-related polyps, and Peutz‒Jeghers syndrome (PJS)-related polyps were investigated.

Methods: This study used advanced multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) technology to analyze polyps comprising 4 SJP, 4 JPS and 4 PJS polyps from 12 individual patients who underwent colonoscopies or radical surgical procedures. subtypes.

Results: These mIHC analyses revealed some differences among these polyp subtypes. PJS-related polyps, specifically, displayed epithelial dysplasia with dendritic gland hyperplasia and distinct villous structures adorned with finger-like projections on their surfaces. In contrast, SJP and JPS polyps exhibited cystic glandular dilation, with their surfaces lined with continuous but eroded epithelia. Furthermore, PJS polyps had an abundance of microvessels and thick smooth muscle fibers, whereas SJP and JPS polyps were characterized by lymphoid follicle-like structures.

Conclusions: These findings not only deepen our structural understanding of various intestinal polyp subtypes but also offer valuable insights that may inform the diagnosis of patients with these conditions.

Keywords: Cystic glandular dilation; Epithelial dysplasia; Multiplex immunohistochemistry; Pediatric intestinal polyps.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hunan Children’s Hospital. The ethics committee approval code was HCHLL-2020-61. Before the implementation of this study, the use of intestinal polyp tissue from patients for this research was consented to by the participants’ parents or legal guardians. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
mIHC analysis of three different types of intestinal polyps in pediatric patients. (a) mIHC images of 12 polyp samples showing staining for CD3 (T-cells), CD19 (B-cells), CD11C (myeloid cells), PECAM1 (endothelial cells), α-SMA (smooth muscle cells), EpCAM (epithelial cells) and DAPI (cell nuclei) in three different polyp subtypes. The scale bars are as indicated in each image. (b) Representative enlarged mIHC images of three different polyp subtypes. Scale bar, 50 μm
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
mIHC showing the glands, goblet cells and surfaces of three different polyp subtypes. The epithelial cells were stained with EpCAM antibody (yellow), and the cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). (a) Representative mIHC images of glands across three different polyp subtypes. Scale bar, 100 μm. (b) Representative enlarged mIHC images of goblet cells (red arrow) across three different polyp subtypes. Scale bar, 100 μm. (c) Representative mIHC images of the surfaces of three different polyp subtypes. The red arrow indicates surface erosion. Scale bar, 100 μm
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
mIHC image showing the distributions of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in three different polyp subtypes. The endothelial cells were stained with a PECAM1 antibody (orange), the smooth muscle cells were stained with an α-SMA antibody (white), and the cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). The red arrow indicates lumen-containing blood vessels, and the yellow arrow indicates smooth muscle fibers. Scale bar, 100 μm
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
mIHC results showing the distributions of T-cells, B-cells and myeloid cells in three different polyp subtypes. The T-cells were stained with a CD3 antibody (sky blue), the B-cells were stained with a CD19 antibody (green), the myeloid cells were stained with a CD11C antibody (red), and the cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). The red arrow indicates lumen-containing blood vessels, and the yellow arrow indicates smooth muscle fibers. Scale bar, 100 μm
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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