Trends in complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts mortality rate in the United States (1999-2020)

Abstract

To analyze mortality rates due to complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts in the United States, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes were used on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database to retrieve death certificate data between the years 1999 and 2020 for patients aged 55 and above. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), per 100 000 people, and annual percentage change along with their respective 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. Complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts were responsible for 91 539 deaths among adults aged 55 years and older. The overall AAMR decreased from 9.2 in 1999 to 3.4 in 2020. AAMRs for men were higher than for women (overall AAMR men: 7.5; women: 4.5). Stratifying patients according to race the order of AAMRs from highest to lowest was as follows: non-Hispanic Black or African American (6.8), NH White: (5.9), NH American Indian or Alaska Native (5.7), Hispanic or Latino (4.0) and lastly NH Asian or Pacific Islander (3.2). State wise the top 90th percentile states with regard to mortality included West Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi, North Dakota, and Alabama. In census regions the South had the highest AAMR (6.2) followed by the Midwest (6.0), the Northeast (5.4), and the West (5.1) with nonmetropolitan areas having higher AAMRs (7.0) than metropolitan areas (5.4). Further research and a more individualized pattern of treatment of older patients are necessary moving forward.

Keywords: age-adjusted mortality rates; cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts; demographics.

Figure 1.

Overall and sex-stratified complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts–related AAMRs per 100 000 in adults aged 55 and above in the United States, 1999–2020. AAMR, age-adjusted mortality rate; APC, annual percentage change; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 2.

Complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts – related AAMRs per 100 000 stratified by race in adults aged 55 and above in the United States, 1999–2020. AAMR, age-adjusted mortality rate; APC, annual percentage change; CI, confidence interval; NH, non-Hispanic).

Figure 3.

Complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts – related age-adjusted mortality rates per 100 000 stratified by state in adults aged 55 and above in the United States, 1999–2020 ranging from 3.3 to 10.7.

Figure 4.

Complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts – related AAMRs per 100 000 stratified by census region in adults aged 55 and above in the United States, 1999–2020. AAMR, age-adjusted mortality rate; APC, annual percentage change; CI, confidence interval).

Figure 5.

Complications of cardiac and vascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts – related AAMRs per 100 000 stratified by urbanization in adults aged 55 and above in the United States, 1999–2020. AAMR, age-adjusted mortality rate; APC, annual percentage change; CI, confidence interval).