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. 2025 Feb 26:10:107.
doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23767.1. eCollection 2025.

A chromosomal reference genome sequence for the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens form pipiens, Linnaeus, 1758

Jenny C Hesson  1   2 , Yuki Haba  3   4 , Carolyn S McBride  3 , Edel Sheerin  5 , Thomas C Mathers  5 , Michael Paulini  5 , Damon-Lee B Pointon  5 , James W Torrance  5 , Cibin Sadasivan Baby  5 , Jonathan M D Wood  5 ; Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations; Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team; Shane A McCarthy  5   6 , Mara K N Lawniczak  5 , Alex Makunin  5
Affiliations

A chromosomal reference genome sequence for the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens form pipiens, Linnaeus, 1758

Jenny C Hesson et al. Wellcome Open Res. .

Abstract

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Culex pipiens sensu stricto (the northern house mosquito; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Culicidae), from a wild population in Sweden. The genome sequence is 533 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into three chromosomal pseudomolecules. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.6 kilobases in length.

Keywords: Culex pipiens; chromosomal; genome sequence; northern house mosquito.

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Conflict of interest statement

No competing interests were disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Snail plot summary of assembly statistics for assembly idCulPipi1.1.
The main plot is divided into 1,000 bins around the circumference with each bin representing 0.1% of the 533,168,032 bp assembly. The distribution of sequence lengths is shown in dark grey with the plot radius scaled to the longest sequence present in the assembly (213,114,244 bp, shown in red). Orange and pale-orange arcs show the N50 and N90 sequence lengths (190,882,370 and 128,522,754 bp), respectively. The pale grey spiral shows the cumulative sequence count on a log scale with white scale lines showing successive orders of magnitude. The blue and pale-blue area around the outside of the plot shows the distribution of GC, AT and N percentages in the same bins as the inner plot. A summary of complete, fragmented, duplicated and missing BUSCO genes in the diptera_odb10 set is shown in the top right. An interactive version of this figure is available at https://blobtoolkit.genomehubs.org/view/idCulPipi1.1/dataset/GCA_963924435.1/snail.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Blob plot of base coverage in a subset of idCulPipi1 pacbio reads (ERR12120035) against GC proportion for Cx. pipiens assembly idCulPipi1.
Chromosomes are coloured by phylum. Circles are sized in proportion to chromosome length. Histograms show the distribution of chromosome length sum along each axis. An interactive version of this figure is available at https://blobtoolkit.genomehubs.org/view/idCulPipi1.1/dataset/GCA_963924435.1/blob.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Hi-C contact map for genome assembly of Culex pipiens, idCulPipi1.1.
Visualised in HiGlass. Chromosomes order: 2, 3, 1, then remaining scaffolds. The interactive Hi-C map can be viewed at https://genome-note-higlass.tol.sanger.ac.uk/l/?d=Sjyb5raPQzqn3xHqRpD_YQ.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Alignment dotplot between genome assemblies of Culex pipiens (idCulPipi1.1) and Cx. quinquefasciatus, VPISU_Cqui_1.0_pri_paternal (JHB strain).
Visualised in DGenies.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. Sequence similarity heatmap for genome assembly of Culex pipiens, idCulPipi1.1.
Produced with StainedGlass, visualised in HiGlass. Chromosomes order: 2, 3, 1 - followed by the remaining scaffolds. Darker colours represent higher sequence similarity, notably at pericentric heterochromatin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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