Yeast mannans promote laxation and specifically modulate microbiota composition in older adults: An open-label pilot study

Abstract

Yeast mannans (YM) are potential prebiotics that may improve laxation. The aim was to evaluate the effects of YM on gastrointestinal symptoms, with a hypothesis of high tolerance. A secondary aim assessed stool frequency. Fecal microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) and targeted urine metabolites (LC-MS/MS) were explored. An ex vivo simulation of digestion and fermentation (6 donors) compared YM to the reference prebiotic inulin followed by an open-label pilot study, with a 1-week baseline and 2-week intervention of 15 g/d of YM. Ex vivo findings showed increased Bacteroides faecis, B. ovatus, Parabacteroides merdae, P. distasonis, Blautia faecis, and Bifidobacterium spp. in response to YM. Participants (n = 20, 71.4 ± 11.0 y) reported no change with YM for burping, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence/gas, nausea, reflux/heartburn, or rumblings/noise, rated from 0 for none to 3 for severe symptoms. Cramping/pain marginally increased from baseline (0.02 ± 0.01) to intervention (0.05 ± 0.02; P = .046), as did distention/bloating (baseline, 0.07 ± 0.03; intervention week 2, 0.15 ± 0.05; P = .037). This high tolerability was explained by the ex vivo finding that YM induced less gas production than inulin (-45%). Stool frequency trended higher with YM (1.53 ± 0.15 stools/d) compared to baseline (1.35 ± 0.11) (P = .079); participants with ≤1 stools/d (n = 8) showed an increase (0.84 ± 0.14 to 1.19 ± 0.32; P = .016). In vivo compositional changes in fecal microbiota suggest increased B. faecis, B. ovatus, P. merdae, and P. distasonis levels in response to YM. Overall, YM elicited specific microbiota modulation with minimal gastrointestinal symptoms and the potential to increase stool frequency, supporting its prebiotic potential. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05939336).

Keywords: Gastrointestinal symptoms; Mannoproteins; Metabolomics; Microbiota; Older adult; Prebiotic; Stool frequency; Yeast mannans.