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. 2025 May;29(3):e70009.
doi: 10.1111/petr.70009.

Procedure Costs Associated With Management of Biliary Strictures in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients in the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) Registry

Pamela L Valentino  1 , James D Perkins  2 , Sarah A Taylor  3 , Amy G Feldman  3 , Anna M Banc-Husu  4 , Douglas S Fishman  4 , John C Bucuvalas  5 , Regino P Gonzalez-Peralta  6 , George Mazariegos  7 , Bhargava Mullapudi  8 , Vicky L Ng  9 , Shikha S Sundaram  3 , Nada A Yazigi  10 , Jennie Kennedy  11 , Kyle Soltys  7 ; Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT)
Collaborators, Affiliations

Procedure Costs Associated With Management of Biliary Strictures in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients in the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) Registry

Pamela L Valentino et al. Pediatr Transplant. 2025 May.

Abstract

Background: Biliary strictures (BS) remain a challenge in pediatric liver transplant (LT). Achievement of the "Optimal Biliary Outcome" (OBO), stricture resolution without recurrence or surgery is the goal. We analyzed cost associated with different management.

Methods: Society of Pediatric LT (SPLIT) data were matched with Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) data by dates of birth and transplant, center and sex. SPLIT data were used to identify LT recipients (2011-2016) with BS. Procedure and admissions costs from PHIS were inflation-adjusted to 2022. Sub-analyses evaluated costs associated with achieving OBO.

Results: Optimal biliary outcome was achieved in 42% of 77 participants following a median of 4 procedures and 2 inpatient nights compared to a median of 7 procedures and 4 nights in those without OBO (p < 0.001). BS management was lower in participants who achieved OBO versus who did not achieve OBO (p = 0.004). Significant center variation in cost was observed (p < 0.001). Biliary strictures diagnosed earlier post-PLT were associated with lower costs per patient (p = 0.049), while those who underwent surgical biliary revision did not incur higher costs per patient (p = 0.17). In participants who did not achieve OBO and underwent ≥ 6 PTC procedures tended to incur much higher costs compared to those who underwent ≤ 5 PTC procedures, regardless of surgical biliary revision (p = 0.08).

Conclusions: Biliary stricture management costs were highest in patients requiring treatment for recurrence or surgical biliary revision and lowest earlier post-transplant, suggesting that more aggressive management upfront may optimize costs. Future work will explore practice variation and cost-effective strategies to achieve OBO.

Keywords: biliary; complications of liver transplantation; outcome; pediatric liver transplantation.

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References

    1. P. L. Valentino, T. Wang, V. Shabanova, et al., “North American Biliary Stricture Management Strategies in Children After Liver Transplantation: A Multicenter Analysis From the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) Registry,” Liver Transplantation 28 (2022): 819–833.
    1. T. Miloh, A. Goldstein, R. Howard, et al., “Costs of Pediatric Liver Transplantation Among Commercially Insured and Medicaid‐Insured Patients With Cholestasis in the US,” Liver Transplantation 29 (2023): 735–744.
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    1. K. D. Getz, C. He, Y. Li, et al., “Successful Merging of Data From the United Network for Organ Sharing and the Pediatric Health Information System Databases,” Pediatric Transplantation 22 (2018): e13168.

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