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Review
. 2025 Mar 22;23(1):15.
doi: 10.1007/s11914-025-00909-2.

Sequential and Long-term Therapy for Osteoporosis

Michael R McClung  1
Affiliations
Review

Sequential and Long-term Therapy for Osteoporosis

Michael R McClung. Curr Osteoporos Rep. .

Abstract

Purpose of the review: Osteoporosis requires life-long management. This involves the use of different drugs in various sequences followed by long-term maintenance therapy. This review highlights the important transitions among osteoporosis therapies and outlines a strategy of intermittent bisphosphonate therapy for long-term maintenance.

Recent findings: Over the past few years, the effects and limitations of long-term treatment with bisphosphonates and denosumab have become apparent as have several key factors in the sequential use of anti-remodeling drugs and osteoanabolic agents. Strategies for transitions from estrogen, bisphosphonates, denosumab and the bone-forming drugs will be discussed, based on extant evidence, clinical experience and expert opinion. By appropriate selection of both the initial and subsequent drugs for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, therapeutic benefits can be optimized and safety issues minimized. Developing a strategy for long-term maintenance of the benefits of the initial therapies can provide a life plan for managing patients with osteoporosis.

Keywords: Bisphosphonate holiday; Denosumab discontinuation; Maintenance therapy; Osteoporosis; Treatment sequence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of Interest: As stated in the Statements and Declarations section of the paper and in the ICMJE Disclosure statement, I have financial relationships (consulting fees and/or honorarium) from Amgen, Pfizer and UCB, I also serve on the boards of the International Osteoporosis Foundation and the American Society of Osteoporosis providers. It is my opinion that these relatonships did not influence the inforaton in the review paper where statements were based on evidence whenever possible.

References

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