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. 2025 Sep 1:292:127947.
doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127947. Epub 2025 Mar 22.

A novel optical fiber immunosensor for detection of heart failure marker ST2 based on MoS2-modified D-shaped ExTFG

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A novel optical fiber immunosensor for detection of heart failure marker ST2 based on MoS2-modified D-shaped ExTFG

Mingjiang Huang et al. Talanta. .

Abstract

A D-Shaped, excessively tilted fiber grating (ExTFG) immunosensor modified with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was developed for label-free and specific detection of growth-stimulated expressed gene 2 protein (ST2), a critical biomarker for heart failure. The D-Shaped ExTFG sensor was fabricated by side-polishing an ExTFG along its slow axis to enhance refractive index (RI) sensitivity. It was subsequently biofunctionalized with MoS2 and anti-ST2 monoclonal antibodies (anti-ST2 MAbs) for ST2 immunoassays. The RI sensitivities of the sensor after side-polishing and MoS2 coating were thoroughly investigated. Additionally, the immunodetection properties of the sensor were evaluated across varying concentrations of ST2 antigen solutions, as well as its specificity and clinical performance in serum samples from healthy individuals and patients. Experimental results revealed that the sensitivity of the MoS2-modified D-Shaped ExTFG immunosensor for ST2 reached 0.335 nm/[log(mg/mL)] over a wide linear testing range of 1 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.472 ng/mL. This represents an improvement of approximately 86 % compared to the ExTFG without D-Shaped modification and demonstrates excellent specificity for ST2 biomarkers even in complex clinical sera. The MoS2-modified D-Shaped ExTFG immunosensor exhibits notable advantages, including stability, practical usability, and high clinical specificity, making it a promising candidate for biomedical and other analytical applications.

Keywords: D-shaped; Excessively tilted fiber grating; Growth-stimulated expressed gene 2; Immunosensor; Molybdenum disulfide.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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