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. 2025 May;79(3):673-685.
doi: 10.1007/s11418-025-01891-w. Epub 2025 Mar 23.

Extraction, characterization, and biological activities of a novel polysaccharide extract from Fructus caryophylli

Qingtao Yu  1   2 , Wenzhi Li  2 , Jieyi Long  2 , Ming Liang  2 , Lingli Jiang  2 , Xiaoliang Lin  2 , Dongqing He  3 , Zhuoyan Wu  3 , Xiaole Xia  4   5
Affiliations

Extraction, characterization, and biological activities of a novel polysaccharide extract from Fructus caryophylli

Qingtao Yu et al. J Nat Med. 2025 May.

Abstract

This study showed that Polysaccharide-rich Fructus caryophylli extracts (FCE) were prepared for investigation through hot water extraction. Glucose was found to be the significant monosaccharide by chemical analysis, which included Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). The average molecular weight of FCE was ranged from 15.19 and 208.53 kDa. The bioactivities of FCE, including antioxidant, whitening, tissue regeneration, and anti-wrinkle properties, were evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo tests. In vitro antioxidant experiments demonstrated scavenging of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radicals, and strong reducing power. FCE treatment effectively reduced oxidative stress in an in vivo antioxidant experiment involving zebrafish embryos exposed to a nonlethal dose of LPS, demonstrating its potent antioxidant potential. Furthermore, FCE exhibited promise in decreasing tyrosinase activity and total melanin content in zebrafish embryos, while promoting the relative expression levels of the elastin-regulating gene Eln1 RNA and the collagen-related gene col1a1a, thereby facilitating the positive stimulation of wound healing. This research provides valuable insights into the development of FCE as a novel functional raw material for applications in the food and cosmetics industries.

Keywords: Fructus caryophylli; Antioxidant; Bioactivities; Extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethical approval: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (protocol code gdpulac2022052 and February 28, 2022 approval).

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