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Review
. 2025 Apr;18(4):e014808.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.124.014808. Epub 2025 Mar 24.

How to Improve Radiation Protection in Interventional Cardiology Procedures

Dimitrios Strepkos  1 , Athanasios Rempakos  1 , Michaella Alexandrou  1 , Deniz Mutlu  1 , Pedro E P Carvalho  1 , Ali Bahbah  1 , Ryan D Madder  2 , Simon R Dixon  3 , Anastasios Milkas  4 , Kevin J Croce  5 , William J Nicholson  6 , Lorenzo Azzalini  7 , Bavana V Rangan  1 , Olga C Mastrodemos  1 , Konstantinos Voudris  1 , Ahmed Al-Ogaili  1 , M Nicholas Burke  1 , Yader Sandoval  1 , Emmanouil S Brilakis  1
Affiliations
Review

How to Improve Radiation Protection in Interventional Cardiology Procedures

Dimitrios Strepkos et al. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2025 Apr.

Abstract

The use of ionizing radiation during cardiac catheterization procedures poses risks to patients and medical staff, both directly and indirectly through orthopedic injuries caused by lead aprons. In this review, we summarize recent advances in radiation protection in the cardiac catheterization laboratory and discuss the effectiveness of traditional and novel radiation protection strategies and equipment.

Keywords: cardiac catheterization; humans; medical staff; protective clothing; radiation protection.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr Madder receives speaker honoraria from Abbott Vascular, Corindus, and Infraredx; serves as a consultant for Abbott Vascular, Angiowave Imaging, Corindus, Infraredx, Nanoflex Robotics, RapidAI, and Spectrawave; has received research support from Angiowave Imaging, Corindus, Infraredx, Microbot Medical, and Nanoflex Robotics; and serves on the advisory boards of Gentuity, Medtronic, and Spectrawave. Dr Azzalini receives consulting fees from Teleflex, Abiomed, GE Healthcare, Reflow Medical, Shockwave, and Cardiovascular Systems, Inc; has received a research grant from Abiomed; serves on the advisory boards of Abiomed and GE Healthcare; and holds equity in Reflow Medical. Dr Sandoval receives consulting and speaker honoraria from Abbott Diagnostics, Roche Diagnostics, Zoll, and Philips; serves as an associate editor for JACC Advances; and is listed as an inventor on Patent 20210401347. Dr Brilakis receives consulting and speaker honoraria from Abbott Vascular, the American Heart Association (associate editor, Circulation), Amgen, Asahi Intecc, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Cardiovascular Innovations Foundation (Board of Directors), ControlRad, CSI, Ebix, Elsevier, GE Healthcare, Infraredx, Medtronic, Siemens, and Teleflex; and received research support from Regeneron and Siemens; is the owner of Hippocrates LLC; and holds shares in MHI Ventures and Cleerly Health. The other authors report no conflicts.

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