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. 2025 May:223:112117.
doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112117. Epub 2025 Mar 22.

Tips for successful use of commercial automated insulin delivery systems: An expert paper of the Italian working group on diabetes and technology

Sergio Di Molfetta  1 , Antonio Rossi  2 , Roberta Assaloni  3 , Roberto Franceschi  4 , Valeria Grancini  5 , Vincenzo Guardasole  6 , Andrea Enzo Scaramuzza  7 , Antonietta Maria Scarpitta  8 , Maddalena Trombetta  9 , Angela Zanfardino  10 , Riccardo Candido  11 , Angelo Avogaro  12 , Valentino Cherubini  13 , Concetta Irace  14 ; AMD-SID-SIEDP Working Group on Diabetes and Technology
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Tips for successful use of commercial automated insulin delivery systems: An expert paper of the Italian working group on diabetes and technology

Sergio Di Molfetta et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2025 May.

Abstract

In recent years, automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have transformed diabetes care with demonstrated benefits in glucose control, hypoglycemia risk, and psychosocial outcomes. Given that different systems show peculiarities in terms of components, approved indications of use, type of algorithm, modifiable settings, and additional features, with this expert paper, we aim to provide healthcare professionals with device-specific recommendations for the optimization of insulin therapy and diabetes self-management with the five commercial AID systems most commonly used in Italy. In detail, we provide educational tips and suggestions for adjustment of insulin dosing parameters to address specific glucose patterns as depicted by continuous glucose monitoring data and effectively manage physical activity or exercise.

Keywords: Automated insulin delivery; Education; Hybrid closed loop; Insulin dosing parameters; Physical exercise; Type 1 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: [Sergio Di Molfetta: Ascensia Diabetes Care, Roche Diabetes Care, Movi S.p.A; Antonio Rossi: Abbott Diabetes Care, Alpha Pharma Service, Astrazeneca, Menarini Diagnostics, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Theras. Valeria Grancini: Abbott Diabetes Care, Astrazeneca, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Vertex Europe. Andrea Enzo Scaramuzza: Abbott Diabetes Care, Medtronic, Movi S.p.A, Sanofi. Antonietta Maria Scarpitta: Menarini Diagnostics, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Theras. Concetta Irace: Abbott Diabetes Care, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Eli-Lilly, Menarini Diagnostics, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Senseonics. Roberta Assaloni, Roberto Franceschi, Vincenzo Guardasole, Maddalena Trombetta, Angela Zanfardino, Riccardo Candido, Angelo Avogaro and Valentino Cherubini declare that they have no competing interests].

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