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Multicenter Study
. 2025 Mar 10:13:1559424.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1559424. eCollection 2025.

In-patient expenditure between 2011 and 2021 for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a hospital-based multicenter retrospective study in southwest China

Yuxin He  1 , Juntao Tan  2 , Qingzhu Tan  3 , Xiao Zhang  3 , Yunyu Liu  4 , Yang Tang  5
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

In-patient expenditure between 2011 and 2021 for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a hospital-based multicenter retrospective study in southwest China

Yuxin He et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic non-infectious disease that seriously endangers human health. This study aimed to determine the main factors influencing the medical expenditure of T2DM patients and provide guidance for the allocation and control of medical expenditure.

Methods: The homepage data of patients with T2DM were retrospectively collected from six tertiary hospitals in southwest China from January 2011 to December 2021. A multiple linear regression model was constructed to examine the factors associated with medical expenses per patient. Furthermore, the trends of medical expenditure according to other important measures and patient subgroups were described, and a proportional breakdown of medical expenditure was generated. All expenditure data were reported in Chinese Yuan (CNY), based on the 2021 value, and adjusted using the year-specific healthcare consumer price index.

Results: A total of 45,237 patients with T2DM were analyzed in this study. Multiple linear regression showed that age, marital status, insurance type, length of stay, number of clinical visits, number of comorbidities, history of disease, history of surgery, smoking history, and the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index score were influencing factors of medical expenditure in patients with T2DM. Considering the overall average medical expenditure, diagnosis cost accounted for the largest proportion and was never <25% since 2011, showing a decreasing trend year by year. Among the types of comorbidity, hypertension was the most prevalent, followed by kidney disease and hyperlipidemia. In terms of the combination of comorbidities, medical expenditure was the highest for pulmonary infection+hypertension (24,360 CNY), followed by coronary heart disease+heart failure+hypertension (22,029 CNY).

Conclusions: Identifying the main factors influencing the medical expenditure of patients with T2DM can provide a reference for the medical security department to formulate reasonable compensation plans and for medical institutions to optimize treatment plans. Ultimately, this might reduce the financial burden of patients and relieve the pressure of medical insurance funds.

Keywords: influencing factors; medical expenditure; multiple linear regression; time trend; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trends in medical expenditure and related factors for T2DM patients (2011–2021). (A) Trends in overall average medical expenditure per patient; (B) Trends in daily average medical expenditure; (C) Trends in length of stay per patient. The y-axis represents costs in CNY or days, and the x-axis represents the years.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Subgroup analysis of medical expenditure trends in T2DM patients (2011–2021). (A) Trends stratified by age groups; (B) Trends stratified by LOS; (C) Trends stratified by the number of clinical visits; (D) Trends stratified by the Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI) score. The y-axis represents costs in CNY, and the x-axis represents the years.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Proportional breakdown of medical expenditure for T2DM diagnosis and treatment.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Medical expenditure for different comorbidity combinations in T2DM patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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