Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2025 Mar 20:20:325-333.
doi: 10.2147/CIA.S493243. eCollection 2025.

Using the 5Ms Framework to Advance Aging-Responsive Care for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Abigail Latimer  1 , Debra K Moser  2 , Jia-Rong Wu  2 , Kim K Birtcher  3 , Malachy J Clancy  4 , Jennifer D Portz  5 , Joanna Paladino  6   7 , Daniel D Matlock  8   9 , Christopher E Knoepke  10
Affiliations
Review

Using the 5Ms Framework to Advance Aging-Responsive Care for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Abigail Latimer et al. Clin Interv Aging. .

Abstract

Complexity of care is the inevitable consequence of an aging population and is particularly true in instances where patients are managing chronic conditions such as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). HFrEF itself is complex, with an undulating course of illness, increased risk of sudden cardiac death, and myriad accompanying treatment considerations. Generalist management of HFrEF among older patients is further complicated by competing comorbidities, potential for financial toxicity, potential for mental health symptoms, and risk of care with does not align with goals and preferences. The 5Ms (multicomplexity, mind, mobility, medications, and matters most) is a holistic conceptualization of care that has been applied to the care of older adults, including in gastroenterology, ICU care, oncology, and dentistry. In this narrative review, we present 5Ms Model of care for older adults with HFrEF.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; framework; interdisciplinary; interprofessional; older adult.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Applied 5Ms model to heart failure care for older adults.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Goyal P, Silversides CK. An aging nation and the rise of geriatric cardiology. JACC Adv. 2022;1(3):100075. doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2022.100075 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Molnar F, Frank CC. Optimizing geriatric care with the GERIATRIC 5Ms. Can Family Physician. 2019;65(1):39. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Liu AY, O’Riordan DL, Marks AK, et al. A comparison of hospitalized patients with heart failure and cancer referred to palliative care. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(2):e200020. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.0020 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bechthold AC, Knoepke CE, Ejem DB, et al. How values are discussed, reflected upon, and acted on by patients and family caregivers in the context of heart failure: a scoping review. Med Decis Making. 2023;43(4):508–520. doi:10.1177/0272989X231165958 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kitakata H, Kohno T, Kohsaka S, et al. Prognostic understanding and preference for the communication process with physicians in hospitalized heart failure patients. J Card Fail. 2021;27(3):318–326. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.10.009 - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources