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. 2025 Mar 25;25(1):279.
doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-06726-2.

Mortality in national psychiatric hospitals in Sudan: a fifteen-year review of hospital deaths

Abdelgadir Hussein M Osman  1 , Mohga Mohamed  2 , Ibtihal A Osman  3 , Khalid A Abdalhai  4 , Lubaba A Elawad  2
Affiliations

Mortality in national psychiatric hospitals in Sudan: a fifteen-year review of hospital deaths

Abdelgadir Hussein M Osman et al. BMC Psychiatry. .

Abstract

Background: Mortality rates in psychiatric hospitals reflect the intricate challenges faced within mental healthcare systems globally. Mortality auditing of in-patient psychiatric hospitals for a period extending 14 years is rare in low-income countries. We are reporting a 15-year mortality review of Sudan's National Psychiatric Hospitals. It is intended to enhance the standard of care in low-resource settings.

Methods: A retrospective audit was conducted in primary psychiatric hospitals across Sudan's capital city over a 15-year period. Missing or incomplete data were addressed by cross-referencing available hospital records, consulting medical staff for clarifications when possible, and excluding cases where critical information was unavailable. Data on deceased patients were collected from hospital records, encompassing demographic details, medical histories, psychiatric diagnoses, pharmacological interventions, and causes of death.

Results: The study identified 108 deaths out of 28,085 admissions, yielding a mortality rate of 0.38 per cent. The majority of deceased patients were male 71 (65.7%), aged below 40 years 65 (60.2%), and experienced shorter durations of hospital stay before death, with significant mortality occurring within the first week of admission. Common causes of death included infections 30 (27.7%), circulatory failure 27 (24.3%), and no clear cause 17 (15.7%). The main diagnoses of deceased patients were, major mood disorders and mania 42 (38.9%), schizophrenia /schizophrenia-like psychosis 27 (25.0%) and organic psychosis and drug-induced psychosis 16 (14.8%). Haloperidol emerged as the most frequently prescribed medication before death.

Conclusion: Infection and circulatory failure are the leading causes of mortality in Sudanese mental hospitals, necessitating a thorough examination to find remedies for these avoidable problems. Additionally, enhanced monitoring and early intervention, particularly in the critical initial phase of hospitalization, are essential for mitigating mortality risks associated with psychotropic medications.

Keywords: Mortality; Psychiatric hospital; Sudan; Sudden death.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. The need for written informed consent was waived by Khartoum Medical School’s Research council’s ethic committee and approved the study, due to the retrospective nature of the study. Informed consent was obtained from the four Hospitals administrations participated in this study, the authors are attesting that the participants were aware of the study’s purpose, risks, and benefits. and written permissions were obtained. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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