The cause (multifactorial inheritance) and pathogenesis (endolymphatic malabsorption) of Meniere's disease and its symptoms (mechanical and chemical)

Abstract

A clinical classification separates Meniere's disease (MD) of known cause (e.g. infection, trauma, otosclerosis, syphilis, genetic and others) from MD, idiopathic. Atypical forms of MD include vestibular MD and cochlear MD. Temporal bone studies from our laboratory and as reviewed in the literature reveal hydrops of the pars inferior, sometimes with ruptures, most often seen in Reissner's membrane, and sometimes without ruptures, to be the most important pathological correlate. Gross anatomical pathological findings include decreased mastoid and periaqueductal pneumatization and anterior displacement of the lateral sinus which reduces Trautmann's triangle. Such developmental changes most probably influence the endolymphatic absorptive system. Any explanation for the mechanisms of pathogenesis of clinical symptoms must encompass all aspects of the natural history, including vestibular symptoms, auditory symptoms, and aural pressure. Both mechanical and chemical factors best explain the clinical symptoms, and both may be traceable to multifactorial inheritance.