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. 2025 Mar 18;14(6):2079.
doi: 10.3390/jcm14062079.

Spirit Interim Analysis: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study of Outpatients with CKD and Decreased eGFR to Assess Therapeutic Algorithms, Disease Management and Quality of Life in Greece

Dimitrios Petras  1 , Smaragdi Marinaki  2 , Stylianos Panagoutsos  3 , Ioannis Stefanidis  4 , Kostantinos Stylianou  5 , Evangelia Ntounousi  6 , Sofia Lionaki  7 , Ioannis Tzanakis  8 , Ioannis Griveas  9 , Dimitrios Xidakis  10 , Eleni Theodoropoulou  11 , Dimitris Gourlis  12 , Argyris Andreadellis  12 , Dimitrios Goumenos  13 , Vassilios Liakopoulos  14
Affiliations

Spirit Interim Analysis: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study of Outpatients with CKD and Decreased eGFR to Assess Therapeutic Algorithms, Disease Management and Quality of Life in Greece

Dimitrios Petras et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects 8-16% of the population worldwide and is characterized by an estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for more than 3 months. The main purpose of the study is to record the treatment algorithms and disease management of patients presenting for the first time to hospital-based nephrologists with a reduced eGFR and CKD diagnosis, under real-world clinical practice in Greece. Methods: This is the 6-month interim analysis of an ongoing, multicenter, observational, prospective, national study, which included 178 patients, with an eGFR between <60 and 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, presenting for the first time to nephrologists at 15 public hospital units. Results: The median age of the patients was 71 years old, with 39.6% of them categorized as CKD stage G3b. Of these patients, 71.6% and 33.7% suffered from arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, respectively; 78.7% of patients received antihypertensive and 38.5% antidiabetic medications. Calcium channel blocker usage increased with disease progression (from 52.2% at G3a, to 67.9% and 67.6% at G3b and G4, respectively), while that of angiotensin II receptor antagonists decreased (from 78.3% at G3a, to 41.5% and 17.6% at G3b and G4, respectively). A decrease in metformin usage and an increase in Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) usage was also observed upon disease progression. Furthermore, 18.5%, 32.0% and 7.7% of patients received Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) at the G3a, G3b and G4 stages, respectively. Conclusions: The interim analysis results contributed to the collection of real-world data for the therapeutic patterns and the management of CKD in Greece.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; disease management; observational prospective study; quality of life; treatment patterns.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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