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. 2025 Mar 25:13:20503121251329806.
doi: 10.1177/20503121251329806. eCollection 2025.

Demographic and regional mortality trends in dilated cardiomyopathy in the United States; 1999-2020

Syed Sarmad Javaid  1 , Syed Usama Ashraf  2 , Anoud Khan  3 , Muntaha Irfan  2 , Muhammad Usman Alamgir  3 , Syed Daniyal Ahmed Jilanee  4 , Hamiz Faisal  3 , Muhammad Salman Peryani  3 , Noor Ul Ain  5 , Ismail Khan  6
Affiliations

Demographic and regional mortality trends in dilated cardiomyopathy in the United States; 1999-2020

Syed Sarmad Javaid et al. SAGE Open Med. .

Abstract

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy significantly impacts mortality and hospitalizations in the U.S., yet trends in dilated cardiomyopathy-related mortality are underreported. This retrospective study examines the trends in dilated cardiomyopathy-related mortality between 1999 and 2020.

Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was analyzed to study the trends in dilated cardiomyopathy-related mortality. Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 people and annual percent changes with 95% CIs were determined. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess the trends in the overall demographic, geographic, and place-of-death variables.

Results: There were 168,702 dilated cardiomyopathy-related deaths reported between 1999 and 2020. The age-adjusted mortality rate declined from 3.40 in 1999 to 1.71 in 2020. Men unfailingly had a higher age-adjusted mortality rate than women. Non-Hispanic Black or African Americans had the highest age-adjusted mortality rate compared to other races, with a recent increase in annual percent change from 2015 to 2020. Hispanics, or Latinos, also showed an alarming rise in annual percent change of 11.10 from 2018 to 2020. Significant geographical variations were noted, with states in the top 90th percentile (Michigan, Washington, and Delaware) having approximately three times the age-adjusted mortality rate compared to states that fell in the lower 10th percentile.

Conclusion: Despite overall declines, racial and regional disparities persist, owing to the growing clinical burden. Targeted research and interventions are key to addressing disparities and reducing dilated cardiomyopathy-related mortality.

Keywords: Black or African American; United States; cardiomyopathy; dilated; middle-aged.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Central Illustration.
Central Illustration.
Demographic and regional mortality trends in dilated cardiomyopathy in the United States; 1999–2020.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Dilated cardiomyopathy overall age-adjusted mortality rate in the United States, 1999–2020. All three Joinpoints. *Annual Percent Change (APC) is significantly different from zero at the alpha = 0.05. Final selected model: three Joinpoints.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Dilated cardiomyopathy age-adjusted mortality rate stratified by gender in the United States; 1999–2020.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Dilated cardiomyopathy age-adjusted mortality rate stratified by race/ethnicity in the United States; 1999–2020.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Dilated cardiomyopathy crude-mortality rate stratified by 10-year age groups in the United States; 1999–2020.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Dilated cardiomyopathy age-adjusted mortality rate stratified by urban-rural classification in the United States; 1999–2020.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Geographical representation of dilated cardiomyopathy age-adjusted mortality rate stratified by states in the United States, 1999–2020.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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