A Comprehensive Review of Magnetic Nanocatalysts for C-S, C-Se Bond Formation

Abstract

This review manuscript examines magnetic nanocatalysts and their pivotal role in forming carbon-sulfur (C-S) and carbon-selenium (C-Se) bonds. The study delves into the latest advancements in the synthesis, characterization, and application of magnetic nanocatalysts, highlighting their unique advantages, including enhanced catalytic activity, superior selectivity, and easy recovery through magnetic separation, which align with the principles of green chemistry. Through a critical analysis of recent research findings, this review also explores the mechanistic pathways facilitated by these nanocatalysts, offering insights into their operational efficiency and potential for recyclability. The manuscript aims not only to catalog the current achievements in this burgeoning field but also to identify challenges and propose future directions for developing more efficient, sustainable, and versatile catalytic systems for C-S and C-Se bond formation. By encompassing a broad spectrum of magnetic nanocatalysts, ranging from bare magnets to functionalized and composite materials, this review is a comprehensive resource for researchers engaged in organic synthesis, catalysis, and sustainable chemistry.

Keywords: C−S bond; C−Se bond; Synthesis; heterocycles; magnetic nanocatalysts.

Scheme 1

Synthesis of diphenylselane derivatives.

Scheme 2

Synthesis f nano‐Fe₃O₄@GO nanoparticle.

Scheme 3

Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/2‐aminopyridine‐Pd(II) as a magnetic nanocatalyst.

Scheme 4

Synthesis of diaryl selenide scaffolds.

Scheme 5

Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂‐(Imine‐Thiazole)‐Cu(OAc)₂ nanocomposite.

Scheme 6

Synthesis of diaryl selenides.

Scheme 7

A plausible mechanism of synthesis of diaryl selenide scaffolds.

Scheme 8

Synthesis of M–MCF@Gua‐Cu.

Scheme 9

Synthesis of diaryl selenide derivatives.

Scheme 10

Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@BTH‐Pyr‐CuCl nanocatalyst.

Scheme 11

Synthesis of diaryl selenide compounds.

Scheme 12

Synthesis of magnetic nanocatalyst Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@His@Ni(II).

Scheme 13

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfides.

Scheme 14

Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@SBTU@Ni(II).

Scheme 15

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfide scaffolds.

Scheme 16

Mechanism of synthesis of diphenyl sulfide derivatives.

Scheme 17

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfides.

Scheme 18

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfide moieties.

Scheme 19

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfides.

Scheme 20

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfide compounds.

Scheme 21

A plausible mechanism of synthesis of diphenyl sulfide deivatives.

Scheme 22

Synthesis of magnetic nanocatalyst Fe₃O₄‐AMPD−Pd.

Scheme 23

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfides.

Scheme 24

Synthesis of magnetic nanocatalyst Fe₃O₄@PTMS–Tris–Co.

Scheme 25

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfide scaffolds.

Scheme 26

Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@NiO/Co₃O₄ microspheres.

Scheme 27

Synthesis of diaryl sulfides.

Scheme 28

Mechanism of synthesis of diphenyl sulfides.

Scheme 29

Synthesis of magnetic nanocatalyst Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@TMEDA−Pd.

Scheme 30

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfides.

Scheme 31

A plausible of mechanism of synthesis of diphenyl sulfides.

Scheme 32

Synthesis of magnetic nanocatalyst called Ni@Fe₃O₄–C.

Scheme 33

production of diallyl sulfides.

Scheme 34

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfides.

Scheme 35

Preparation of magnetic nanocatalyst Fe3O4@Dop‐Triazine‐CuCl₂.

Scheme 36

Synthesis of diphenyl sulfides.

Scheme 37

Mechanism of synthesis of diphenyl sulfide compounds.