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. 2025 Mar 27;17(1):61.
doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01091-9.

Heads up for concussion, what do emergency physicians know? A scoping review

Adam Gowdy  1 , Neil Heron  2   3
Affiliations

Heads up for concussion, what do emergency physicians know? A scoping review

Adam Gowdy et al. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. .

Abstract

Introduction: Concussion is a common condition, with sources estimating between 1.2% and 6.6% of all ED presentations are related to head injury, and concussion has significant healthcare costs. In April 2023, the UK Government published guidelines for diagnosis and management of concussions in grassroots sport, recommending anyone that has sustained a suspected concussion has a same day review by an appropriate healthcare professional. It is therefore essential that emergency medicine physicians have the required knowledge and use current clinical practice guidelines in managing suspected concussions presenting to their departments. This scoping review aims to review the current literature regarding concussion knowledge, diagnosis and management amongst emergency physicians.

Materials and methods: This scoping review was conducted using the six-step process laid out by Arksey and O'Malley and included 17 papers from January 2012 to February 2023, identified by searching 5 online databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar) in February 2023 alongside a hand search of references. Search terms relevant to concussion, emergency medicine and medical education were used.

Results: 14 of the 17 papers originated from North America, all studies utilised either an online survey or chart review methodology. 3 papers included an educational intervention. 12 studies looked at all grades of EMPs. 14 of the studies highlighted knowledge gaps amongst EMPs, the 3 that did not specifically mention this were the 3 interventional studies.

Conclusion: EMPs have large knowledge gaps regarding concussion and limited adherence to current guidelines. Efforts should be made at improving these results amongst EMPs. Further research is needed to find the most beneficial and cost-effective approach to improving concussion knowledge of concussion diagnosis and management in EDs, particularly within the UK.

Keywords: Concussion; Concussion knowledge; Emergency medicine; Head injury; Medical education; Mild traumatic brain injury; Sports related concussion.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Both authors consent to the publication of this review. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Institutional review board statement: Not applicable.

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