Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Mar 10;14(3):284.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14030284.

Antimicrobial Stewardship Impact on Antibiotic Use in Three Tertiary Hospitals in Zambia: A Comparative Point Prevalence Survey

Steward Mudenda  1 , Kenneth Kapolowe  2 , Uchizi Chirwa  2 , Melvin Chanda  2 , Raphael Chanda  2 , Rodney Kalaba  2 , Sombo Fwoloshi  2 , Christabel Phiri  2 , Mukuka Mwamba  2 , Robert Kajaba Chirwa  2 , Kotey Nikoi  2 , Linda Musonda  2 , Kaunda Yamba  3 , Josepsh Yamweka Chizimu  3 , Chitalu Chanda  4 , Tamica Mubanga  4 , Chisha Simutowe  4 , John Kasanga  5 , Mulope Mukanwa  5 , Katongo Hope Mutengo  5 , Philip Matthew  6 , Fabian Maza Arnedo  6 , Jyoti Joshi  6 , Jonathan Mayito  6 , Ruth Nakazwe  2 , Maisa Kasanga  2   7 , Duncan Chanda  2
Affiliations

Antimicrobial Stewardship Impact on Antibiotic Use in Three Tertiary Hospitals in Zambia: A Comparative Point Prevalence Survey

Steward Mudenda et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) can improve the rational use of antibiotics in hospitals. This study assessed the impact of a multifaceted AMS intervention on antibiotic use and prescribing patterns at three tertiary hospitals in Zambia. Methods: Point Prevalence Surveys (PPS) were conducted in three tertiary hospitals in August 2022 and in October 2023. It was part of a 3-year AMS demonstration project that aimed to optimize the use of antibiotics in treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bloodstream infections (BSIs) in various health sector settings in Zambia. Up to 170 medical records in 2022 and 265 in 2023 were included in the assessment. Results: Overall, the prevalence of antibiotic use in this PPS was 75%. Eighty-one percent (81%) and 71% of patients assessed were on at least one antibiotic in 2022 and 2023, respectively, indicating a decrease of 10%. Similarly, prescribing ceftriaxone, the most prescribed antibiotic, declined from an average of 48% in 2022 to 38% in 2023. Adherence to Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) slightly increased from 42% in 2022 to 45% in 2023. Additionally, antibiotic prescribing was reduced from 1.38 to 1.21. Conclusions: Antimicrobial stewardship had an early positive impact on antibiotic use and adherence to Standard Treatment Guidelines.

Keywords: Zambia; antimicrobial stewardship; impact; interventions; point prevalence survey.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Antibiotic prescribing rate at Livingstone TH at baseline (2022) and follow-up (2023).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antibiotic prescribing rate at Ndola TH at baseline (2022) and follow-up (2023).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Antibiotic prescribing rate at UTH (Lusaka) at baseline (2022) and follow-up (2023).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Map of Zambia showing the location of the surveyed hospitals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Cook M.A., Wright G.D. The Past, Present, and Future of Antibiotics. Sci. Transl. Med. 2022;14:eabo7793. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo7793. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Martens E., Demain A.L. The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis, with a Focus on the United States. J. Antibiot. 2017;70:520–526. doi: 10.1038/ja.2017.30. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Xu S., Song Z., Han F., Zhang C. Effect of Appropriate Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy on Mortality of Patients with Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study. BMC Infect. Dis. 2023;23:344. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08329-2. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Martínez M.L., Plata-Menchaca E.P., Ruiz-Rodríguez J.C., Ferrer R. An Approach to Antibiotic Treatment in Patients with Sepsis. J. Thorac. Dis. 2020;12:1007–1021. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2020.01.47. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Labi A.K., Obeng-Nkrumah N., Nartey E.T., Bjerrum S., Adu-Aryee N.A., Ofori-Adjei Y.A., Yawson A.E., Newman M.J. Antibiotic Use in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Ghana: A Point Prevalence Survey. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control. 2018;7:15. doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0299-z. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources