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. 2025 Mar 18;15(6):760.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15060760.

The Relationship Between Aortic Stenosis and the Possibility of Subsequent Macular Diseases: A Nationwide Database Study

Chia-Yi Lee  1   2   3 , Shun-Fa Yang  1   4 , Elsa Lin-Chin Mai  2   5   6   7 , Jing-Yang Huang  4 , Chao-Bin Yeh  8   9 , Chao-Kai Chang  2   7
Affiliations

The Relationship Between Aortic Stenosis and the Possibility of Subsequent Macular Diseases: A Nationwide Database Study

Chia-Yi Lee et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between aortic stenosis (AS) occupancy and the incidence of subsequent macular diseases. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database, and participants with AS were enrolled and matched to non-AS participants. A total of 421,860 and 421,860 participants were evenly divided into the AS and non-AS groups, respectively. The major outcomes of the present study include the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), epiretinal membrane (ERM), and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: There were 4426 and 3013 AMD events; 7315 and 4753 RVO events; 2780 and 1910 ERM events; and 113 and 64 CSC events in the AS and non-AS groups, respectively. According to the results of Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the AS group demonstrated significantly higher incidences of all macular diseases, including AMD, RVO, ERM, and CSC, compared to the non-AS group (all p < 0.05). The cumulative probabilities of all macular diseases were significantly higher in the AS group than in the non-AS group (all p < 0.05). In the sensitivity analysis, the developmental risks of AMD were significantly higher in the AS group than in the non-AS group with all traits. Conclusions: This study determined that AS occupancy is related to a higher risk of developing macular diseases, which positively correlated to the disease time of AS.

Keywords: TriNetX database; age-related macular degeneration; aortic stenosis; epidemiology; retinal vascular occlusion.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The flowchart of subject selection. AS: aortic stenosis, N: number, PSM: propensity score matching.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The Kaplan–Meier curve and cumulative incidence of macular diseases between the two cohorts. (A) The cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration between the two groups. (B) The cumulative incidence of retinal vascular occlusion between the two groups. (C) The cumulative incidence of epiretinal membrane between the two groups. (D) The cumulative incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy between the two groups. * denotes significant differences between groups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Risk of age-related macular degeneration in patients with aortic stenosis stratified by sex, age, race, HDL, and LDL levels. N: number.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Risk of retinal vascular occlusion in patients with aortic stenosis stratified by sex, age, race, HDL, and LDL levels. N: number.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Risk of epiretinal membrane in patients with aortic stenosis stratified by sex, age, race, HDL, and LDL levels. N: number.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Risk of central serous chorioretinopathy in patients with aortic stenosis stratified by sex, age, race, HDL, and LDL levels. N: number.
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