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Review
. 2025 Mar 26;39(1):43-48.
doi: 10.1055/s-0045-1801880. eCollection 2025 Feb.

Surgical Planning of Ballistic Facial Injuries

Vamsi C Mohan  1   2 , Winston R Owens  1   2 , Diego Quirarte  1   2 , Linden Shih  1   2 , Daniel A Hammer  3 , Matthew J Parham  1   2 , Kerry P Latham  4
Affiliations
Review

Surgical Planning of Ballistic Facial Injuries

Vamsi C Mohan et al. Semin Plast Surg. .

Abstract

Ballistic facial injuries often cause widespread damage, distorting the native anatomy. Apart from initial resuscitative measures, these injuries require extensive employment of reconstructive techniques to restore the patient's form and function. As such, thoughtful data acquisition from both physical exam and radiographic studies optimizes surgical planning to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Specifically, virtual surgical planning has been shown to decrease intraoperative times and achieve enhanced functional and aesthetic outcomes when compared to traditional methods. The purpose of this chapter is to review surgical planning in the context of ballistic facial injuries, with a specific focus on virtual surgical planning.

Keywords: VSP; ballistic facial injury; mandible; occlusion; surgical planning; virtual surgical planning.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest None declared.

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