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Review
. 2025 Mar 13:29:117-127.
doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2025.02.012. eCollection 2025 Jun.

Navigating mesenchymal stem cells doses and delivery routes in heart disease trials: A comprehensive overview

Mohammad Reza Khalili  1 , Salma Ahmadloo  2 , Seyed Amin Mousavi  3 , Mohammad Taghi Joghataei  4 , Peiman Brouki Milan  4   5 , Soheila Naderi Gharahgheshlagh  6 , Seyedeh Lena Mohebi  7 , Seyed Mohammad Amin Haramshahi  4   5 , Vahid Hosseinpour Sarmadi  4   5
Affiliations
Review

Navigating mesenchymal stem cells doses and delivery routes in heart disease trials: A comprehensive overview

Mohammad Reza Khalili et al. Regen Ther. .

Abstract

In recent years, various clinical trials have been designed and implemented using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of heart diseases. Clinical trials exploring MSC-based treatments have proliferated, yet the lack of standardized protocols for MSC administration remains a significant challenge. Despite the growing popularity of MSC trials, questions persist regarding optimal dosing, administration routes, and frequency to achieve safety and efficacy, particularly in the context of cardiac regeneration. The current study has reviewed the clinical trials that have used MSCs for the treatment of heart diseases since 2009. The findings reveal diverse transplantation methods and varying MSCs quantities, highlighting the absence of a universal guideline for MSCs utilization in heart disease clinical trials.

Keywords: Administration routes; Clinical trial; Heart diseases; Mesenchymal stem cells; Optimal doses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The common routs for MSCs therapy for heart tissue regeneration in clinical trials. (A) Intracoronary injection, (B) intra-myocardial injection, (C) intravenous (IV) injection, (D) trans-endocardial injection.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Graph of improvement in myocardial mass after 6 and 12 months of MSCs therapy via the Intra-myocardial injection compared with placebo group in the same period [64].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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